Endocrine System: Glands

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What are the 2 types of glands?

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1

What are the 2 types of glands?

Endocrine and Exocrine

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2

What does the Endocrine gland do?

It's ductless and secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream (Remember, Endo has d so it's direct)

<p>It&apos;s ductless and secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream (Remember, Endo has d so it&apos;s direct)</p>
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3

What does Exocrine gland do?

Secretions are collected in free surface made out of epithelium. They form ducts (pathways to a surface) and send secretions using that duct.

<p>Secretions are collected in free surface made out of epithelium. They form ducts (pathways to a surface) and send secretions using that duct.</p>
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4

What are the 3 types of Exocrine Glands

Merocine, Apocrine, Holocrine.

<p>Merocine, Apocrine, Holocrine.</p>
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5
<p>What is a merocrine gland?</p>

What is a merocrine gland?

A vesicle releasing its contents

<p>A vesicle releasing its contents</p>
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6
<p>What is Apocrine Gland?</p>

What is Apocrine Gland?

pinched off portions of cells

<p>pinched off portions of cells</p>
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7
<p>What is Holocrine Gland?</p>

What is Holocrine Gland?

Whole cell is breaking and forming new cells.

<p>Whole cell is breaking and forming new cells.</p>
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8

What are the 8 endocrine glands?

Adrenal Gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Pancreas, Pineal Gland, Thymus, Thyroid & Parathyroid, Reproductive organs.

(Remember using happpttr)

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9

Where are Adrenal Gland located?

Adrenal Glands are located on top of kidneys

<p>Adrenal Glands are located on top of kidneys</p>
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10
<p>What are two types of Adrenal Gland?</p>

What are two types of Adrenal Gland?

Cortex (c for covering, so cortex = outer layer) and Medulla (m for middle so medulla = middle layer)

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11
<p>What are the 3 major hormones Cortex release?</p>

What are the 3 major hormones Cortex release?

Glucocorticoids (ex: cortisol), Androgens & Estrogens and Aldosterone.

(Remembering using CAAG): C- cortex a - androgens & estrogens a - aldosterone g - glucocorticoids

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12

What does Glucocorticoids do?

Increases protein and fat breakdown; maintains sugar balance; inhibits the immune response. Example: Cortisol

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13

What does Androgens & Estrogens do?

Causes development of some secondary sex characteristics in females

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14

What does aldosterone do?

Salt balance / water reabsorption in the blood

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15
<p>Where is medulla located in adrenal glands?</p>

Where is medulla located in adrenal glands?

Inner portion of the gland

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16

What are the major hormones released by medulla?

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (nonadrenaline)

(Remember using MEN M - Medulla E - Epinephrine N - Norepinephrine)

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17

What does Epinephrine do?

Increases heart rate, cardiac output and blood flow to skeletal muscles

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18

What does norepinephrine do?

Reduces blood flow to skin and visceral organs; breakdown of glycogen to glucose

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19

where is hypothalamus located?

Diencephalon of the brain.

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20

What does a hypothalamus do?

Secretes only "releasing" (ex: GHRN) or "inhibiting" (GHIH) hormones. It basically tells glands what to do Hormone "stop light"

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21

Where is pituitary gland located and what it's function?

located below hypothalamus and secretes 9 major hormones

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22

What are the 2 portions of pituitary gland?

Posterior and Anterior

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23

What are Posterior pituitary gland location and 2 major hormones name

Located closer to the brainstem Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin

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24

______ is the extension of hypothalamus

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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25

What does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) do?

increases water reabsorption in kidney

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26

What does Oxytocin do?

Increases uterine contraction & milk expulsion in mammary glands; unclear function in males

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27

where is anterior pitutary located and what are it's major hormones

Located closer to frontal lobe Thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) and Growth Hormone (GH)

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28

What does Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) do?

Causes the secretion of thyroid hormones T3 and T4

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29

what does Growth Hormone (GH) do?

Increases growth in tissues

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30
<p>Where is pancreas located?</p>

Where is pancreas located?

Pancreas are located between the stomach and the small intestine

<p>Pancreas are located between the stomach and the small intestine</p>
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31

Pancreas is _____ because it secretes pancreatic juice to the small intestine & also ______ as it secretes hormones to circulatory system

exocrine and endocrine

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32

What are the two major hormones of pancreas?

Insulin and Glucagon

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33

What does insulin do?

increases cell's uptake of glucose & amino acids from the blood. This decreases blood glucose levels

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34

What does Glucagon do?

Increases breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into blood stream

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35
<p>Where is Pineal Gland located and it&apos;s major hormone?</p>

Where is Pineal Gland located and it's major hormone?

Located in posterior portion of diencephalon Major hormone is melatonin

<p>Located in posterior portion of diencephalon Major hormone is melatonin</p>
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36

What is the function of melatonin?

Inhibits GnRH thus inhibits reproduction; regulates sleep-wake cycles; may also help you fall asleep.

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37
<p>Where is Thymus located and what is it&apos;s major hormone?</p>

Where is Thymus located and what is it's major hormone?

Located about heart and major hormone is Thymosin

<p>Located about heart and major hormone is Thymosin</p>
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38

What does Thymosin do?

it develops immune system and T-cells

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39
<p>Where is Thyroid located and what is it&apos;s major hormone?</p>

Where is Thyroid located and what is it's major hormone?

Located at top of trachea. Major hormones are T3 & T4 and Calcitonin.

<p>Located at top of trachea. Major hormones are T3 &amp; T4 and Calcitonin.</p>
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40

What does T3 & T4 do?

increases metabolic rate

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41

What does Calcitonin do?

decreases breakdown of bone tissue (decreases Calcium in blood)

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42

Where is parathyroid located and it's major hormone?

Embedded in the posterior of thyroid gland Major Hormone is Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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43
<p>What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do?</p>

What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do?

increases breakdown of bone tissue (increases calcium in blood)

<p>increases breakdown of bone tissue (increases calcium in blood)</p>
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44

What are the two types of reproductive organs?

Testis and Ovaries

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45

Where is testis located and what is it's major hormone?

Located outside the body cavity in the scrotum (helps with temperature regulation)

Major hormone is testosterone

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46

What does testosterone do?

Spermatogenesis; maintains functional reproductive organs

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47

What are ovaries located and major hormone?

Located in the abdomen; Major hormone is Estrogen and Progesterone

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48

What does Estrogen do?

Uterine and mammary gland production

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49

What does progesterone do?

secondary sex characteristics; regulates menstrual cycle

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50

The nervous system uses _____ communication while the endocrine system uses _____ communication.

Electrical & chemical

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