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After the Continental Congress in Philadelphia voted to form a continental Association to end trade with Great Britain, the various New York factions responded in which of the following ways?
The Sons of Liberty, mostly laborers and mechanics, supported the Continental Association and often took the lead in enforcing the boycott.
In December 1773, a mob in Boston seized English tea and dumped it into the harbor. They did this in protest of the Tea Act (1773), which gave British merchants a monopoly on the tea trade and imposed a tax on the sale of this tea. Parliament responded to the Boston "tea party" by
Closing Boston Port (May 1774), strangling the city's economy, passing the Massachusetts Government Act, forbidding any public meetings that weren't authorized by the crown, and passing the Quartering Act, requiring Massachusetts to pay for food and housing for the British army (all of the above)
The largest city in the North American British colonies in 1775 was
Philadelphia
Slaves made up what percentage of New York City's total population in 1775
About 15 percent
Which of the following correctly aligns the factional leaders with their main constituents in New York in the 1770s?
Delanceys-merchants, Livingstonites-large landowners and lawyers, Sons of Liberty-literate craftsmen (carpenters, silversmiths, blacksmiths), plus slaves, sailors, servants, laborers (all of the above)
Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the economic crisis of the 1760s
The British government, having lost the French and Indian War, was saddled with huge payments to the French Government
In 1765, Parliament passed the Stamp Act, which placed a tax on use of public documents or on any commercial use of paper, in order to
Pay for the cost of colonial officials such as governors, paying for the stationing of the British army in the colonies, reaffirm the principles that the colonies could be taxed by the king and parliament (all of the above)
Here Locke describes life in a "state of nature"--a time before people had formed governments. He characterizes a state a state of nature as one in which people are free, equal, and
governed by the laws of nature
The Law of Nature originates from
Human reason
The Law of Nature, confirmed by reason, holds that all men being equal, no one has power over anyone else and that if someone violates this law or harms another,
Everyone has the right to enforce the law against this transgressor
Two major difficulties with justice in a state of nature are that one, every person must himself judge whether natural law has been violated and two,
He must enforce the penalty against the transgressor himself
Second Treatise of Gov't, Locke
Describes the State of Nature, Law of Nature, and purpose of government (to protect property)
Considerations, Daniel Dulaney
-Believed the colonies should submit to the British rule, but did not support the Stamp Act -Believes non-electors are protected bc oppressive laws will eventually get back to them -Britain needs taxes, but taxes for the express purpose of raising revenue must be consented to, but Britain does not need consent to regulate trade with the colonies -Britain should protect colonies because they depend on them
Objections, Saome Jenyns
-No man would consent to taxes if given the chance -Many men (such as those in Manchester and Birmingham) do not have representation in parliament, so it is naive to expect that the colonies will get something that doesn't even extend across England -Just because colonies don't like taxes doesn't mean they can not pay them
Taxation no Tyranny, Samuel Johnson
-Sassy and cute -Anti-slavery and considered slavery and ironic contradiction to the Patriot argument -Disputed the idea that because colonists' lineage had left for freedom that they were entitled to do what they want -There must be some power that can't be overthrown in society -Britain relies on America and will protect us, Patriots are radical and will cause chaos
Letters of a Westchester Farmer, Samuel Seabury
-Compared joining the Continental Association to slavery and was very passive aggressive about this (lions vs vermin) -Mainly spoke on the negative consequences of joining the Association and non-imp/ex on farmers and the economy
Common Sense, Thomas Paine
-Patriot who LOVED capital letters -Spoke in more simple language and intended to appeal to the public -Called for a radical revolution and stated that the entire English gov't was tyrannical -Believed France, etc. would help America
Plain Truth, James Chalmers
-Response to the points of Thomas Paine -Believed Paine's radical independence was DUMB and that no other foreign power would support the American cause and the war was a lost cause -Also believed the lumber industry/industry in general would suffer without the British
The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson
-Explicitly lists reasons that the colonies are calling for independence instead of reconciliation -It's a list <3
The State of Nature
A thought experiment set up by Locke's Second Treatise of Gov't describing the state people exist in before the establishment of government. This state is governed by the Law of Nature, but can lead to a state of war because there is no regulation on punishment
The Law of Nature
Locke's theory is that the Law of Nature governs the State of Nature. The Law of Nature is the ability of people to enforce an equal punishment to a transgressor who violates a persons right to property
Property (according to Locke)
Property is what men acquire by putting in labor, but it is not ethical for men to attain property that will spoil or not be used (dumpling example). In modern society money is a stand in for property acquired by labor because there is a limit on the amount of space in society
Tacit Consent
Consent given by those who participate in the institutions and benefits of government after a government has already been consented to explicitly by the majority
Consent
According to Locke, consent is required to establish a gov't. The majority of a society is all it takes to enter a social contract rather than everybody. When consent is given, men are obligated to respect the rule of the gov't
The Ends (reasons) of Government
The primary purpose of government is to preserve property and create an indifferent judge to enforce punishments on violators of natural rights, it prevents constant states of war and those attempting to punish transgressors from getting hurt
Dissolution of Government
The most common cause of dissolution of government is a foreign force making a conquest on the society, but if a gov't becomes tyrannical (bodies who do not have consent make laws, laws become arbitrary, legislative body loses law-making power, etc.) the people gain a right to dissolve the gov't
1763 Mutiny Act
Colonists must contribute to the British Navy
1764 Sugar Act
molasses and sugar taxes were lowered and smuggling trials were moved to military courts -lower taxes affected the smuggling trade as it wasn't as profitable -peer juries would often acquit their peers, the Brits would not
1765 Stamp Act
Direct tax on all paper goods in the colonies -ppl then became upset and started complaining about consent and supporting republicanism -Then the act was repealed after increased mob action and grumpy elites
1766 Declaratory Act
Stated that parliament had no regrets and would do it again, because they maintained the right to tax the colonies (weirdly people didn't like that :/)
Republican (traditional) ideas of society
History is cyclical and being active and virtuous will protect this freedom
1767 Townshend Acts
Tax on imported goods from Britain (lead, glass, marbles), got repealed bc people got upset in the colonies
1774 Intolerable/Coercive Act
-Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Gov't Act, Quartering Act, Administration of Justice, Quebec Act