Social self and self regulation

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21 Terms

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Self concept

Persons knowledge about oneself including traits, experiences etc

Influences: social, culture, SIT, gender (social role theory)

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Self schema

Integrated set of memories, beliefs about an attribute that is part of one’s self concept. Mostly stable, learn from social interactions

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Sources of self

Symbolic interactionism (importance of them close to us)

Looking glass self

Reflected appraisals (what we think others think of us)

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Downward comparison

Comparing oneself with those who are worse off

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Upward comparison

Comparing oneself with those who are better off

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Better than average effect

In many ability and traits most people think they are better than average

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Self perception theory

People form impressions of themselves by observing their own behaviour and the situation it occurs in

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Facial feedback hypothesis

Changes in facial expression elicit emotions associated with those expressions

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Two factor theory of emotion

Emotions are an interaction of arousal and interpretation of that arousal

Emotion = arousal * cognitive appraisal

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Cognitive dissonance

When attitude and behaviour don’t match we change our attitude to match our behaviour

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Self awareness

Intensified emotional response. Adherence to personal standards. Highlights gap between doing and could be doing

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Self discrepancy theory

Feel negative when falling short of our expectations. Conflict between actual, ideal and ought selves

Impacts = negative effect, reducing self esteem. Improve by self control

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Self esteem

Evaluative component of self concept. Subjective appraisal, varies depending on context.

Sources = self awareness and goal discrepancies and developmental influences

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Mood regulation

Low SE deflect positive feelings, externalise successes. After failure less likely to improve mood

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Narcissism

Unstable mood, rely on validation, crave attention, lack empathy

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Self regulation

Set of processes for guiding oneself to reach goals. Based on self awareness, goal setting, mental time travel

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Willpower

Capacity to overcome temptations that could stop long term

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Hot vs Cold processes

Hot = driven by strong emotions

Cold = level headed reasoning

Both activated through mindful attention, reduce temptation

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Delay gratification

Performance at age 4 can predict self regulation. 30 years later

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Theory of planned behaviour

Behaviour is complex and unrational.

Interact with social norms to act morally, external ‘brake’ on behaviour

Interact with availability of self control to inhibit actions

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