Protein Synthesis Term Quiz

mRNA

single strand of nucleotide that is formed as a complementary copy of a gene in DNA

tRNA

Picks up amino acids in the cytoplasm and transports them into their proper site along the mRNA molecule

RNA

a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins

DNA

a double strand of nucleotide that is in genetic code in the chromosomes of cells

genetic code

the set of rules used by living cells to translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins, using three-nucleotide sequences called codons

peptide bond

a covalent chemical bond that links amino acids together to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into proteins

anticodon

a sequence of three nucleotide bases on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule that is complementary to a codon on a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule

codon

a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA that forms the basic unit of the genetic code, instructing the cell to add a specific amino acid to a protein chain or to start or stop protein synthesis

gene

the basic unit of heredity and is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or functional RNA molecule, ultimately determining a cell's structure or function and influencing observable traits

nucleus

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Ribosomes

the cell organelles that are the site of protein synthesis and forms peptide bonds between amino acids