4.1 Acids, bases and neutralisation

define strong acid

releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H⁺ and completely dissociates in solution

define weak acid

releases a small proportion of its hydrogen atoms into solution as H⁺ ions and partially dissociates in aqueous solution

define base

neutralises and acid to form a salt

define alkali

base that dissolves in water releasing OH^- ions into the solution

hydrochloric acid formula

HCl

sulfuric acid formula

H₂SO₄

nitric acid formula

HNO₃

ethanoic acid (vinegar) formula

CH₃COOH

metal + acid

salt + hydrogen

metal oxide + acid

salt + water

metal hydroxide + acid

salt + water

metal carbonate + acid

salt + water + carbon dioxide

ammonia + acid

ammonium salt

ionic equation of acid + alkali

H⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq) = H₂O(l)