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PSYC2390_4.2
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38 Terms
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1
Visual Cortex
The part of the brain responsible for processing visual information.
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2
Anisometropia
A condition where each eye has a different refractive power, leading to nearsightedness in one eye and farsightedness in the other.
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3
Astigmatism
An optical defect caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, leading to the blurring of images.
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4
Lateral Inhibition
A process by which lateral connections in the nervous system decrease the activity of neighboring cells, enhancing contrast in visual perception.
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5
Simultaneous Contrast
A visual perception phenomenon where the appearance of a color is affected by the surrounding colors.
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6
White's Illusion
An optical illusion where the perceived brightness of a color is influenced by the colors surrounding it.
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7
Perception
The process of organizing, interpreting, and consciously experiencing sensory information.
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8
Transduction
The conversion of stimuli from the environment into electro-chemical signals in neurons.
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9
Optic Chiasm
The part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross, leading visual information from each eye to both hemispheres.
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10
Contralateral Visual Field
The visual field that is processed by the opposite hemisphere of the brain.
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11
Ipsilateral Visual Field
The visual field that is processed by the same hemisphere of the brain.
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12
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
A structure in the thalamus that relays visual information to the visual cortex.
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13
Blindsight
The ability to respond to visual stimuli without conscious awareness of seeing.
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14
Center-Surround Receptive Fields
Receptive field organization in which the center and the surrounding areas have opposite effects on neuron response.
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15
Cortical Magnification
The phenomenon where more area of the visual cortex is devoted to processing foveal regions than peripheral regions.
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16
Simple Cortical Cells
Neurons that respond to bars of light and are sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus.
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17
Complex Cortical Cells
Neurons that respond to bars of light, particularly sensitive to the direction of movement.
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18
End-Stopped Cortical Cells
Neurons that respond to moving lines of a specific length and to corners or angles.
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19
Feature Detectors
Neurons that respond selectively to specific features of visual stimuli, such as orientation or movement.
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20
Selective Adaptation
The reduction in neural firing in response to a frequently presented stimulus.
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21
Neural Plasticity
The ability of neurons in the brain to change and adapt as a result of experience.
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22
Retinotopic Map
A spatially organized mapping of visual input from the retina to neurons in the brain.
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23
Depth Perception
The ability to perceive the world in three dimensions and judge the distance of objects.
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24
Ocular Dominance
The preference of visual processing in one eye over the other.
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25
LGN Layers
The organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus into layers, with different layers processing inputs from different eyes.
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26
Parvocellular Cells
LGN neurons that process color and fine detail, typically associated with P-type ganglion cells.
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27
Magnocellular Cells
LGN neurons that are larger and process motion and depth, typically associated with M-type ganglion cells.
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28
Retina
The light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye that converts light into neural signals.
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29
Visual Receiving Area
The part of the brain where visual information is initially processed before being sent to higher-level areas.
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30
Optic Nerve
The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
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31
Visual Pathway
The route visual information takes from the eye to the visual cortex in the brain.
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32
Neurons in V1
Neurons found in the primary visual cortex that process visual input and contribute to perception.
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33
Visual Cortex Damage
Injury to the visual cortex that can result in loss of visual perception despite the eyes being functional.
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34
Selective Rearing
An experiment that examines how exposure to specific stimuli affects neural response properties.
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35
Contrast Threshold
The minimum amount of contrast required for a subject to perceive a stimulus.
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36
Psychophysical Experiment
An experiment designed to study the relationship between physical stimuli and sensory perception.
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37
Gratings
Patterns of stripes used in vision experiments to examine perception.
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38
High-level Processing
Advanced stages of visual processing that involve object recognition and conscious perception.
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