Module 1 Musculoskeletal (MSK) Imaging Anatomy

osteoblasts

boen forming cells

osteocytes

transformed osteoblasts trapped in mineralised bone matrix, synthesis new bone matrix molecules

osteoclasts

resorb bone during growth and repair. assist with mineral homeostasis.

2 types of bone tissue

compact +spongy bone

3 types of bone cells

osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

functional classifications of joints

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

synarthrosis

immovable, immobile or nearly immobile joint. provide for a strong union between the articulating bones.

amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint that allows for limited movement between the articulating bones, providing stability while permitting some flexibility.

e.g cartilaginous joint that unites bodies of adjacent vertebrae / symphysis pubis

diarthrosis

freely movable joint that allows a wide range of motion, characterized by a synovial cavity and articular cartilage. Examples include the shoulder and knee joints.

structural classification of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

fibrous joints

joints connected directly to bone by dense connective tissue, allowing for little to no movement. Examples include sutures in the skull and syndesmoses between certain bones.

types of fibrous joints

include sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

suture fibrous joints

are immovable joints found between the bones of the skull, characterized by a thin layer of dense connective tissue.

syndesmosis fibrous joints

more widely seperated, held together by narrow band of fibrous connective tissue

gomphosis fibrous

is a type of fibrous joint where a peg-like structure fits into a socket, such as the connection between teeth and their sockets in the jaw.

cartilaginous joints

are joints connected by cartilage, allowing for limited movement. They can be classified as synchondroses or symphyses, depending on the type of cartilage involved.

synchondrosis- hyaline cartilage (rib and cartilage)

symphysis- fibrocartilage - contains bundles of thick collagen fibres, more pull resistance and provides cushioning between bones, such as in the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs.

synovial joint

contain fluis filled capsule gives bones the ability the move smoothly against each other allowing for increased mobility. bones connected by ligaments which strengthen and support the joint. shoulder knee

tendons vs ligaments

tendons are fibrous connective tissues which attach muscle to bone. ligaments are fibrous connective tissue which attach bone to bone- serves to hold bones together and stable.

bone repair

hematoma formation (if vessels damaged)

procallus formation (fibroblasts, capillary buds and osteoblasts movr into the wound to produce granulation tissue cartilage is formed.

callus formation; woven bone. osteoblasts in the procallus form or woven bone.

callus replacement: osteoblasrs continue to replace the callus with lamellar or trabecular bone

remodelling; perisoteal and endoseal surfaces are remodelled to the size and shape of injury`