History Jewish Flashcards

Zionism

The political movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Assimilation

The gradual cultural and social integration of Jews into their surrounding culture (19th century Europe)

World Zionist Congress

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Establish in 1897 by Theodore Herzl as the supreme organ of the Zionist Organisation

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Herzl’z Diary Entry (1897)

“At Basel, I founded the Jewish State. If i’d said this aloud today, I would be greeted by universal laughter. In five years, perhaps, and certainly in fifty years, everyone will perceive it”

Palestine In The 19th Century

85% Muslim; Most of the population were peasant farmers; ruled by Turkish sultan of Ottoman Empire

Macmahon-Hussein Correspondences (1915)

A series of letters between sir Henry McMahon, then Hist Majesty’s High Commissioner in Egypt, promises the Sharif of Mecca Hussein (the leader of the Arab nationalist movement) to recognize and support the independence of the Arabs in exchange for the Arabs joining the British in the way against the Ottoman turks.

Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)

Agreement dividing most of the ottoman empire into areas of British and French control, which would take effect at the end of WW1.

The Balfour Declaration

A letter by the British Foreign Secretrary Bafour’s endorsing the British Government establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine.

Mandate System

Authorization granted by the League of Nations to a member nation to govern a former German or Turkish colony.

Zionist land control and percentage of industrial workforce in Palestine by 1946

By 1945, Zionists controlled about 7% of the land, but made up 90% of the industrial workforce

%/fraction of Jewish population in Palestine in 1917 And 1945

6% (1917), 1/3 (1945)

The approximate number of Jews that came to Palestine between 1920-1946

375,000

Arab Higher Committee

In 1936, All five arab political parties united to form this, Led by Al-Husseini.

British response to Wailing wall Riot (1929)

Shaw Commission (1929): Arab fear of Jewish immigration and Jewish land purchase as the root cause of the violence, Arabs were afraid of losing their country as more and more became ‘landless and discontented’.

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White paper - restricted immigration and land sales. but so intense was Zionist pressure on the government that the plan was put aside

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White Paper (1939)

Outcomes of the Arab Rebellion for Palestineans & Jews (1937-1939)

White Paper (1939)

Jewish Immigreation limited to 75,000 over the next 5 years. after 5 years, no more immigration would be allowed without Arab constent.

Jews: valuable experience(the British Army helped the Jews in Palestine to build up their military force, the Haganah - 14,000 men)

Peel Commission

1937 Commission that suggested that Palestine should be divided into a Jewish state and an Arab state, with British keeping control

Initial actions by Arab Higher Committee (1936)

the committee calls for strike to protest British rule. Peasants form armed groups to fight the British army

6 - Day War.

1967 - Israel creates a defensive attack against Syria, Egypt, Jordan, reclaiming much of palestine

Oslo Accords

1993 - PLO recognizes Israel as their government, and denounce terrorism. The Jewish gave right of government to the Palestinian Authority.

Battle of Gaza

2007 - The Palestinian Authority lose in an election to the Terrorist organization Hamas. Hamas take over the Gaza strip.

Gaza Strip under blockade

2008 Onwards as a result of the Hamas Threat

Hamas Attack On Israel

October 7th 2023 - Hamas break through the border into Israel. 1800 Israelis killed in the first few days. Hamas move into a Kibbutz, slaughter.

Israel Created

14th May 1948 proclaimed by Ben Gurion - Pivotal. ‘Watershed’ moment.

How many approximate years between Jewish Expulsion and Jewish state formed

2000

Nakba

Translates to Catastrophe - Declared after 1948 when Israel was created.

By the end of WW2, Jewish made up what fraction of the population

1/3 (one third)

Acts of terror by the Jewish to force Palestine out of British’ hands.

Bombing of King David Hotel, 20 Officers killed in the officer’s club in Jerusalem.

UN Partition plan

(1947) 55% Of land given to Jews, while only 45% of land given to Palestinians, while Jewish only made up 1/3rd of the population.

Years of Israel under mandate

1930-1939

Plan Dalet

Jewish clear 300,000 Palestinians from Israel

Peel Commission

(1937) Report performed by the british that determined an early partition plan for Palestine, along with the causes of violence in the region.

Arab Rebellion

(1937-1939) Palestinians revolt against british rule. British army respond with punishment. Haganah Increases to 14,000 members.

Result of the Arab Rebellion

10% of male Arab population dead.

Biltmore Declaration

(1942) US Zionist Conference meeting at the Biltmore Hotel. Zionists believe that US needs to be on the Zionist’ Side.

Sergeants Affair, Exodus Affair

(1947) 3 British Officer’s hung, Ship carrying 4,500 Holocaust Refugees prevented from landing in Palestine

UNSCOP Report

(August 1947) Report that included the UN Partition plan. 33 Votes to 13 to go with the UN partition plan.

Deir Yassin

(1947) Irgun fighters attack the village of Deir Yassin, killing 245.

Jaffa Riots

1921

Wailing Wall Riots

1929

Arab Higher Committee Formed

1936

Suez Crisis

(1956)

Arab League

(1945) An organisation that represented the interests of the arab countries.

PLO

(1964) - Palestinian’ Liberation Organization, which believed in the unification of Arab states to free Palestine.

Oslo Accord 2

(1995) 25% of occupied territories handed over to Palestine

6 Day War

(1967) - Egypt, Jordan, Syria come armed, Israel bombs all of Egypt’s airfields, capturing Jerusalem, West Bank, Golan Heights. 500,000 Refugeest

Camp David

1978 - Egypt and Israel reach a peace deal. Israel agree to give Some palestinian self-government within 5 years, in return Egypt promises they can use the Suez Canal.

1948-49 War

Israel is attacked by Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq. They defeat all of them and claim over 78% of Historic Palestine.