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Which of these is a receptor molecule?
B
A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor.
signal molecule
Which of these is a signal molecule?
A
A signal molecule is also known as a(n) _____.
ligand
List the stages of cell signaling
reception, transduction, and cell response
Which of these receptors is NOT a membrane receptor?
E
Which of these is a G-protein-linked receptor?
A
Which of these is a receptor tyrosine kinase?
C
Which of these is an ion-channel receptor?
D
The binding of signal molecules to _____ results in the phosphorylation of tyrosines.
C
Which of these receptor molecules would allow Na+ to flow into the cell?
D
Which extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
Estrogen
A(n) _____ is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular receptor and thereby cause a gene to be turned on or off.
steroid
_____ is a signal molecule that binds to an intracellular receptor
d
Thyroid hormones bind to _____ receptors.
intracellular
What are the steps to intercelluar receptors responding to genes?
1. Cortisol passes through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm.
2. Cortisol-receptor complex forms in the cytoplasm.
3. Cortisol-receptor complex enters the nucleus where it binds to genes.
4. Cortisol-receptor complex acts as a transcription factor
5. The transcribed mRNA is translated into a specific protein.
When is histamine released?
Inflammatory and allergic responses
Where does histamine bind?
extracellularly to the H1 receptor
Is histamine hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
hydrophilic
What happens when the G protein is active (in a histamine reaction)?
it binds to phospholipase C, activaing it
Which of these acts as a second messenger?
D
Which of these is responsible for initiating a signal transduAction pathway?
A
What role does a transcription factor play in a signal transduction pathway
By binding to DNA, it triggers the transcription of a specific gene.
Which of these is a membrane receptor?
B
A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor.
signal molecule
Which of these acts as a second messenger?
cyclic AMP
Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in _____.
endoplasmic reticula
_____ catalyzes the production of _____, which then opens an ion channel that releases _____ into the cell's cytoplasm.
Phospholipase C ... IP3 .... Ca2+
A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of _____.
amplification
epinephrine is a signal molecule that attaches to ________ proteins
G-protein-linked receptor
What does paracrine mean?
A local signal that only affects surrounding cells. Crine=endocrine, para=surrounding
Autocrine
When a cell listens to its own signal
Note 
Flashcard (35)