Ch1- introduction of IS in organisation

• Information systems are used by almost every imaginable person:
  • Entrepreneurs + small business owners
  • Sales representatives
  • Managers
  • Financial advisors

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• Information systems are a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and also provide feedback to meet an objective

  • are indispensable tools to help you achieve your career goals

  • Businesses usually use IS to increase revenues, improve customer service, and reduce costs

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• Data: raw facts

• Information: collection of facts organised and processed in a way that they value beyond the individual facts

• Process: set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome

• Knowledge: awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways information can be made useful

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• Valuable information should be:
  • accessible, accurate, complete, economical, flexible, revelant, reliable, simple, timely, secure, verifiable

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• Value of Information:

  • Directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organisation’s goals
  • Valuable information can help people and their organisations perform tasks more efficiently and effectively

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• IS has interrelated elements which:

  • collect (input), manipulate (process), store, disseminate (output) data and information, provide corrective action (feedback mechanism)

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• Input: activity of gathering + collecting raw data

• Processing: converting ideas into useful outputs

• Output: producing useful information

• Feedback: information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

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• Computer-based information systems (CBIS): set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures

  • Configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

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• Hardware: computer based equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities

• Software: computer programs that govern the operation of the computer

  • System software controls basic computer operations
  • Application software allows you to accomplish specific tasks

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• Database: organised collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files

• Telecommunications: the electronic transmission of signals for communicating

• Network: connect computers and equipment to enable electronic communication

• Intranet: world’s largest computer network consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information

• Web: Network of links on the internet to documents containing text, graphics, video , and sound

• Extranet: network allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorised resources of a company’s intranet

• Procedures: strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using CBIS

  • People are the most important element in most computer-based information systems

• Business Info. systems: designed for electronic and mobile commerce, transaction processing, management info., and decision support

  • Some organisations employ special purpose systems, such as virtual reality, that not every organisation uses

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• E-commerce: any business transaction executed electronically between:

  • Companies, business to business B2B
  • Companies, business to consumer B2C
  • Consumer to consumer C2C
  • Business and the public sector
  • Consumers and the public sector
  • offers many opportunities for streamlining work activities

• M-commerce: (mobile commerce) the use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business

• Electronic business (e-business): uses IS and the internet to perform all business related tasks and functions

• Enterprise Systems: transaction processing systems and enterprise resource planning

• Transaction: any business related exchange, such as payments to employees and sales to customers

• Transaction processing system (TPS): organised collection of people, procedures, software, database, and devices used to perform and record completed business transactions

• Enterprise resource planning: set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organisation

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• Information and decision support systems:

  • Management info systems (MIS): organised collection of people, procedures, software, database, and devices that provide routine information to managers and decision makers

  • manufacturing, marketing, production, finance, and other functional areas are supported by MIS + are linked through a common database

  • Functional management information systems draw data from the organisation’s transactions processing system

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• Decision Support Systems (DSS) can include:

  • A collection of models used to support a decision maker or user (model base)
  • A collection of facts and information to assist in decision making (database)
  • Systems and procedures (user interface or dialogue manager) that helps decision makers + other users to interact with DDS
  • Manage database —-> data management systems
  • Model management system

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