Ch1- introduction of IS in organisation

  • Information systems are used by almost every imaginable person:
      * Entrepreneurs + small business owners
      * Sales representatives
      * Managers
      * Financial advisors

  • Information systems are a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and also provide feedback to meet an objective
      * are indispensable tools to help you achieve your career goals

  * Businesses usually use IS to increase revenues, improve customer service, and reduce costs

  • Data: raw facts

  • Information: collection of facts organised and processed in a way that they value beyond the individual facts

  • Process: set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome

  • Knowledge: awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways information can be made useful

  • Valuable information should be:
      * accessible, accurate, complete, economical, flexible, revelant, reliable, simple, timely, secure, verifiable

  • Value of Information:
      * Directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organisation’s goals
      * Valuable information can help people and their organisations perform tasks more efficiently and effectively

  • IS has interrelated elements which:
      * collect (input), manipulate (process), store, disseminate (output) data and information, provide corrective action (feedback mechanism)

  • Input: activity of gathering + collecting raw data

  • Processing: converting ideas into useful outputs

  • Output: producing useful information

  • Feedback: information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

  • Computer-based information systems (CBIS): set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures
      * Configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

  • Hardware: computer based equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities

  • Software: computer programs that govern the operation of the computer
      * System software controls basic computer operations
      * Application software allows you to accomplish specific tasks

  • Database: organised collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files

  • Telecommunications: the electronic transmission of signals for communicating

  • Network: connect computers and equipment to enable electronic communication

  • Intranet: world’s largest computer network consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information

  • Web: Network of links on the internet to documents containing text, graphics, video , and sound

  • Extranet: network allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorised resources of a company’s intranet

  • Procedures: strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using CBIS
      * People are the most important element in most computer-based information systems

  • Business Info. systems: designed for electronic and mobile commerce, transaction processing, management info., and decision support
      * Some organisations employ special purpose systems, such as virtual reality, that not every organisation uses

  • E-commerce: any business transaction executed electronically between:
      * Companies, business to business B2B
      * Companies, business to consumer B2C
      * Consumer to consumer C2C
      * Business and the public sector
      * Consumers and the public sector
      * offers many opportunities for streamlining work activities

  • M-commerce: (mobile commerce) the use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business

  • Electronic business (e-business): uses IS and the internet to perform all business related tasks and functions

  • Enterprise Systems: transaction processing systems and enterprise resource planning

  • Transaction: any business related exchange, such as payments to employees and sales to customers

  • Transaction processing system (TPS): organised collection of people, procedures, software, database, and devices used to perform and record completed business transactions

  • Enterprise resource planning: set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organisation

  • Information and decision support systems:
      * Management info systems (MIS): organised collection of people, procedures, software, database, and devices that provide routine information to managers and decision makers
        * manufacturing, marketing, production, finance, and other functional areas are supported by MIS + are linked through a common database
        * Functional management information systems draw data from the organisation’s transactions processing system

  • Decision Support Systems (DSS) can include:
      * A collection of models used to support a decision maker or user (model base)
      * A collection of facts and information to assist in decision making (database)
      * Systems and procedures (user interface or dialogue manager) that helps decision makers + other users to interact with DDS
      * Manage database —-> data management systems
      * Model management system

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