Discuss the Importance of Fluid Balance

Fluid balance is the

balance of fluids taken into the body versus fluids leaving the body through urine, stool, perspiration, and respiration.

Benefits for proper fluid balance

1. Prevent dry skin

2. Keeps mucous membranes of the mouth and throat moistened

3. Keeps stools soft and prevents constipation

4. Thins secretions in the respiratory system

5. Prevents dry eyes

6. Helps regulate body temperature

7. Keeps urine diluted

8. Helps to form saliva

Dehydration is

when the body loses more fluids than consumed. The elderly exhibit signs of dehydration more quickly than young adults.

Sign of dehydration

1. dry itchy that may be easily cracked

2. dry lip and mouth; may have a thick, white coating/ firm on the tongue

3. Constipation

4. Loss of appetite

5. Fatigue

6. Weakness

7. Dry eyes: eyes may appear sunken in serves cases

8. Low grade fever ( 99-100 F)

9. Decreased urine output; concentrated and dark urine with strong odor

10. Difficulty swallowing due to decreased salvia production

11. Increased or new confusion

12. Increased pulse rate; pulse may feel weak

Edema

is an accumulation of excessive fluid in the body.

Signs of Edema

1. Swelling or puffiness of the feet, ankles or hand

2. Rapid weight gain due to fluid retention

3. Decreased urine output due to the body retaining fluids

4. Lung congestion/ wheezing

The Nurse Aide is responsible for

recording and reporting intake of fluids and foods. NA's record fluids taken orally while nurses are responsible for recording fluids that enter the body through IV's or tube feedings. Recording fluid intake includes all items that are liquid at room temperature. Accurate measurements are crucial because treatment plans and medication doses are sometimes based on fluid balance. Fluid intake is typically recorded in cc's/mL's. Food intake is measured by the percent of each meal consumed (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%).