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18 Terms
1
Personality
Relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that characterize a person, along with psychological processes.
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2
Big Five Personality Model
A model consisting of five factors: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to experience, and Extraversion.
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3
Dark Triad
A trio of undesirable personality traits: Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy.
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4
Machiavellianism
A personality trait characterized by manipulation, deceit, and exploitation of others.
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5
Narcissism
A personality trait marked by self-importance, entitlement, and an excessive need for admiration.
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6
Psychopathy
A personality characterized by antisocial behavior, lack of empathy, and impulsivity.
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7
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality assessment that classifies individuals into 16 types based on four dichotomies: Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Feeling, and Judging/Perceiving.
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8
Values
Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide preferences and influence behavior.
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9
Schwartz’s Values Model
A framework that categorizes values into a circumplex structure to understand their relationships and influences.
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10
Individualism
The degree to which people prioritize personal freedom and self-sufficiency over group goals.
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11
Collectivism
The degree to which people emphasize group membership and harmonious relationships within the group.
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12
Power Distance
The extent to which less powerful members of a society defer to more powerful members.
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13
Uncertainty Avoidance
The degree to which individuals feel threatened by ambiguous situations and prefer structured circumstances.
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14
Achievement Orientation
A cultural value emphasizing assertiveness, competitiveness, and material success.
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15
Nurturing Orientation
A cultural value placing emphasis on relationships and human interaction.
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16
Ethical Principles
Four guiding principles in ethics: Utilitarianism, Individual Rights, Distributive Justice, and Ethic of Care.
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17
Moral Intensity
The degree to which an ethical issue demands the application of moral principles based on its potential consequences.
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18
Values Congruence
Similarity of a person's values hierarchy to that of another entity, affecting job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
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