GAS LAWS

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Model for an ideal gas observation: 1. gas consists of particles that are far apart relative to their size 2. collisions between gases and particles, and particles and container walls are elastic (no loss in energy) 3.) gas particles are in continuous, rapid, random straight line motion 4.) no forces of attraction or repulsion 5.) average kinetic energy depends on the temp of the gas

kinetic energy

½ mass x velocity squared (proportional to temp)

lighter particles have ______ at the same ______

higher speeds; same temp

when is gas behavior at its most ideal

low pressure, high temp, non-polar atoms, and low molar mass

characteristics of gas

gas expand to fill any container (expansion), gases are fluids, particles past one another, gases have very low densities compared to a solid or liquid state

compression

reducing the space between the particles

diffusion

spontaneities mixing of the particle of two different substances

effusion

gas particles pass through a tiny opening into a vacuum

temperature conversion for K

273 + xC

pressure

force/area

barometer

measures the atmospheric pressure

mmHg conversion

760

torr conversion

760

STP

1 atm to 273k or 0c to 101.325 kpa

ideal gas law

PV=nRt

R variable

0.08206 LxATM/molxK

in order to use

kelvin temp, liters, moles, and atm

standard molar volume

22.4/1 mol or 1 mol/22.4L

amount of energy and temp effects what

pressure

Boyles Law

for a fixed amount of gas at constant temp (T) the pressure varies inversely with the (V)

Charles Law

For a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume varies directly with Kelvin Temp

Gay-Lussacs Law

for a fixed amount of gas in a constant volume, the pressure varies directly with temp

Avogadros Law

For gases at the same temperature and pressure in equal volumes the number of particles is the same

combining gas law

P1v1/n1T1

Partial Pressure

Pa=(Na/Nt) x Pt

water vapor pressure

pressure of h20(g) in the headspace above liquid water

molar mass

g/mol

density formula

g/L

percent error

(measured - real)/real