Crime Control Policing Terms/Definitions

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21 Terms

1

Beat System

System of policing created by Sir Robert Peel for the London Metropolitan Police in 1829 in which officers were assigned to relatively small permanent posts

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2

CompStat

Weekly crime strategy meetings, featuring the latest computerized crime statistics and high-stress brainstorming; developed by the New York City Police Department in the mid-1990s

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3

Constable

An official assigned to keep the peace in the mutual pledge system in England

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4

Department of Homeland Security

Federal cabinet department established in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

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5

Dred Scott decision

Infamous U.S. Supreme Court decision of 1857 ruling that slaves had no rights as citizens because they were considered to be property

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6

Hue and Cry

A method developed in early England for citizens to summon assistance from fellow members of the community.

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7

Jury Nullification

A vote by jurors to either ignore the evidence in a trial or disregard the instructions of a judge to reach a verdict based on their own consciences

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8

Mutual Pledge

A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the ninth century in England

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9

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Kerner Commission)

Commission created in 1968 to address the reasons for the riots of the 1960s

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10

Peel’s Nine Principles

  • Prevent crime and disorder

  • Recognize that the power of the police

  • Recognize that to secure and maintain the respect and approval of the public

  • Recognize that the extent to which the cooperation of the public can be secured

  • Seek and preserve public favor

  • Use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient

  • Maintain at all times a relationship with the public

  • Recognize always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions

  • Recognize always that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder,

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11

posse comitatus 

Common law descendent of the old hue and cry. If a crime spree occurred or a dangerous criminal was in the area, the U.S. frontier sheriff would call upon the posse comitatus, a Latin term meaning “the power of the county.”

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12

Praetorian Guard

Select group of highly qualified members of the military established by the Roman emperor Augustus to protect him and his palace.

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13

President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice

Commission that issued a report in 1967 entitled The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society. The commission was created in the wake of the problems of the 1960s, particularly the problems between police and citizens.

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14

Rodney King incident

The 1991 videotaped beating of an African American citizen by members of the Los Angeles Police Department.

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15

Shire-Reeve

(Sheriff) Early English official placed in charge of shires (counties) as part of the system of mutual pledge

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16

Slave Patrols

Police-type organizations created in the American South during colonial times to control slaves and support the Southern economic system of slavery

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17

thief-takers

(Bounty Hunters) Private English citizens with no official status who were paid by the king for every criminal they arrested

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18

Vigiles

Early Roman firefighters who also patrolled Rome’s streets to protect citizens

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19

Volstead Act (National Prohibition, Eighteenth Amendment)

Became law in 1920 and forbade the sale and manufacture of alcohol.

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20

Watch and Ward

A rudimentary form of policing, designed to protect against crime, disturbances, and fire. All men were required to serve on it

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21
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