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Kinetic energy
Energy of motion.
Chemical energy
Energy stored in food, fuel, or batteries.
Gravitational potential energy (GPE)
Energy stored because of an object's height.
Elastic energy
Energy stored in stretched or squashed objects.
What is energy?
The ability to do work or cause change.
What unit is energy measured in?
Joules (J).
Can energy be seen directly?
No, but we can observe its effects.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Two main categories of energy
Potential energy and kinetic energy.
Potential energy
Stored energy.
Nuclear energy
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
Kinetic energy of moving objects
The energy an object has because it is moving.
Thermal (heat) energy
The movement of atoms or particles.
Light energy
Radiant energy that travels in waves.
Sound energy
Energy that travels through vibrations.
Electrical energy
The flow of electrons.
Energy transfer
When the same type of energy moves from one object to another.
Example of energy transfer
A heater transferring heat to your hands.
Energy transformation
When energy changes from one form to another.
Example of energy transformation
A toaster converting electrical energy into heat energy.
Direction heat moves
From hot areas to cold areas until temperatures are equal.
Conduction
Heat transfer in solids where particles vibrate and bump into neighbors.
Convection
Heat transfer in liquids and gases where hot fluid rises and cool fluid sinks.
Radiation
Heat transfer through infrared waves that does not require particles.
Conductor
A material that lets heat pass through easily.
Examples of conductors
Metals like copper and aluminium.
Insulator
A material that blocks or slows heat transfer.
Examples of insulators
Wool, plastic, wood, fiberglass.
Dark and dull surfaces
Good at absorbing and emitting heat.
Light and shiny surfaces
Good at reflecting heat.
Renewable energy resources
Energy sources that can be replaced in a human lifetime.
Examples of renewable energy
Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass.
Non-renewable energy resources
Energy sources that will eventually run out.
Examples of non-renewable energy
Coal, oil, gas, nuclear.
Energy efficiency
How much energy becomes useful energy instead of being wasted.
More stars on energy rating labels
Higher efficiency.
kWh number on energy label
How much electricity the device uses in a year.
Lower kWh number
Lower running cost and less environmental impact.
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