Science Y8 Test 1 Prac

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion.

Chemical energy

Energy stored in food, fuel, or batteries.

Gravitational potential energy (GPE)

Energy stored because of an object's height.

Elastic energy

Energy stored in stretched or squashed objects.

What is energy?

The ability to do work or cause change.

What unit is energy measured in?

Joules (J).

Can energy be seen directly?

No, but we can observe its effects.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

Two main categories of energy

Potential energy and kinetic energy.

Potential energy

Stored energy.

Nuclear energy

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

Kinetic energy of moving objects

The energy an object has because it is moving.

Thermal (heat) energy

The movement of atoms or particles.

Light energy

Radiant energy that travels in waves.

Sound energy

Energy that travels through vibrations.

Electrical energy

The flow of electrons.

Energy transfer

When the same type of energy moves from one object to another.

Example of energy transfer

A heater transferring heat to your hands.

Energy transformation

When energy changes from one form to another.

Example of energy transformation

A toaster converting electrical energy into heat energy.

Direction heat moves

From hot areas to cold areas until temperatures are equal.

Conduction

Heat transfer in solids where particles vibrate and bump into neighbors.

Convection

Heat transfer in liquids and gases where hot fluid rises and cool fluid sinks.

Radiation

Heat transfer through infrared waves that does not require particles.

Conductor

A material that lets heat pass through easily.

Examples of conductors

Metals like copper and aluminium.

Insulator

A material that blocks or slows heat transfer.

Examples of insulators

Wool, plastic, wood, fiberglass.

Dark and dull surfaces

Good at absorbing and emitting heat.

Light and shiny surfaces

Good at reflecting heat.

Renewable energy resources

Energy sources that can be replaced in a human lifetime.

Examples of renewable energy

Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass.

Non-renewable energy resources

Energy sources that will eventually run out.

Examples of non-renewable energy

Coal, oil, gas, nuclear.

Energy efficiency

How much energy becomes useful energy instead of being wasted.

More stars on energy rating labels

Higher efficiency.

kWh number on energy label

How much electricity the device uses in a year.

Lower kWh number

Lower running cost and less environmental impact.

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