chapter 1: a&p (introduction)

Anatomy

The scientific study of structures in living organisms.

Gross Anatomy

The study of larger structures visible to the naked eye, such as the brain.

Microscopic Anatomy

The study of structures not observable to the human eye, like nervous tissue.

Physiology

The study of the chemistry and physics of body structures and their functions to support life.

Homeostasis

The state of steady internal conditions in the body, such as heart rate and temperature.

Organization of Life

The hierarchical levels of organization from atoms to organisms.

Cell

The smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.

Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Organ

An anatomical feature composed of multiple tissue types.

Organ System

Groups of organs working together to maintain homeostasis.

Organism

An independent living being with cellular structure.

Body Systems

Functional units in the body like the nervous system or cardiovascular system.

Functions of Life

Processes like metabolism, responsiveness, movement, reproduction, development, and growth.

Requirements for Life

Essential elements like oxygen, nutrients, water, temperature, and atmospheric pressure.

Negative Feedback Loop

A regulatory mechanism to maintain homeostasis by counteracting changes.

Positive Feedback Loop

A mechanism that amplifies changes and leads to an extreme response.

Body Regions

Divisions like axial (body, head, neck, trunk) and appendicular (limbs, arms, legs).

Anatomical Position & Regional Terms

Standard body position and directional terms used in anatomy.

Body Cavities

Spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs.

Serous Membranes

Thin double membranes that protect organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Four divisions of the abdomen used for anatomical reference.

Medical Imaging

Techniques like X-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, and ultrasonography used to visualize internal structures.