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What is the binding site for the lac repressor in E. coli?
The promoter region.
Where do microRNAs (miRNAs) typically bind to exert their regulatory effects?
To messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
In which direction does DNA replication occur in eukaryotes?
5’ -> 3’ direction.
What is the primary role of transcription factors in gene expression?
To regulate the initiation of transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences.
What is the result of DNA replication?
Two DNA molecules, each with one new strand and one original strand.
Are Hox genes found in different organisms used to make ribosomes?
False.
What is an example of an epigenetic modification?
Methylation of DNA that silences a specific gene.
Did Rosalind Franklin win a Nobel Prize for her work in DNA x-ray diffraction?
False.
Is tRNA required for translation?
True.
What happens during the metaphase stage of mitosis?
Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
Are introns transcribed into mRNA?
False. Introns are non-coding.
What best describes the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?
Carrying amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What must primase add for DNA replication to proceed?
RNA primer.
How does DNA packaging affect gene expression in eukaryotes?
By controlling access to DNA.
Is RNAi a mechanism for combating virus infections only in plants?
False.
Which statement about DNA in cells is FALSE?
DNA in cells differ to produce specific/unique organs in the body.
What chromosome number does a zygote have after fertilization?
A diploid chromosome number - one from each parent.
What is NOT a possible cause of epigenetic changes?
DNA mutations.
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in the cell?
To transcribe DNA into RNA.
What holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
What is the correct base pair complement for the DNA sequence GGTA?
CCAT.
In the presence of lactose, what happens to the lac operon?
The operon is turned on, and genes for lactose metabolism are transcribed.
What are ribosomes composed of?
RNA and protein.
How many codons are needed to encode for six amino acids?
6 codons.
Does the order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determine the order of amino acids in proteins?
True.
What is most likely responsible for the appearance of a mutant fruit fly?
A mutation in a hox gene.
Does meiosis occur in both somatic and germ cells?
False.
What does the Central Dogma in molecular biology refer to?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein.
