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28 Terms

1
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What is the binding site for the lac repressor in E. coli?

The promoter region.

2
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Where do microRNAs (miRNAs) typically bind to exert their regulatory effects?

To messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.

3
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In which direction does DNA replication occur in eukaryotes?

5’ -> 3’ direction.

4
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What is the primary role of transcription factors in gene expression?

To regulate the initiation of transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences.

5
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What is the result of DNA replication?

Two DNA molecules, each with one new strand and one original strand.

6
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Are Hox genes found in different organisms used to make ribosomes?

False.

7
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What is an example of an epigenetic modification?

Methylation of DNA that silences a specific gene.

8
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Did Rosalind Franklin win a Nobel Prize for her work in DNA x-ray diffraction?

False.

9
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Is tRNA required for translation?

True.

10
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What happens during the metaphase stage of mitosis?

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

11
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Are introns transcribed into mRNA?

False. Introns are non-coding.

12
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What best describes the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

13
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What must primase add for DNA replication to proceed?

RNA primer.

14
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How does DNA packaging affect gene expression in eukaryotes?

By controlling access to DNA.

15
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Is RNAi a mechanism for combating virus infections only in plants?

False.

16
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Which statement about DNA in cells is FALSE?

DNA in cells differ to produce specific/unique organs in the body.

17
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What chromosome number does a zygote have after fertilization?

A diploid chromosome number - one from each parent.

18
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What is NOT a possible cause of epigenetic changes?

DNA mutations.

19
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What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in the cell?

To transcribe DNA into RNA.

20
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What holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?

Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

21
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What is the correct base pair complement for the DNA sequence GGTA?

CCAT.

22
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In the presence of lactose, what happens to the lac operon?

The operon is turned on, and genes for lactose metabolism are transcribed.

23
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What are ribosomes composed of?

RNA and protein.

24
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How many codons are needed to encode for six amino acids?

6 codons.

25
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Does the order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determine the order of amino acids in proteins?

True.

26
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What is most likely responsible for the appearance of a mutant fruit fly?

A mutation in a hox gene.

27
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Does meiosis occur in both somatic and germ cells?

False.

28
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What does the Central Dogma in molecular biology refer to?

DNA -> RNA -> Protein.