Pharmacology Drugs, pharm tech ver.

Pharm tech drug quiz

amoxicillin (generic name)

Amoxil, -cillin, penicillin antibiotic, bacterial infection, reconstituted

penicillin V potassium (generic name)

Pen - Vee K, -cillin, penicillin antibiotic, bacterial infection, reconstituted

Moxifloxacin (Oral) (generic name)

Avelox, -floxacin, fluoroquinolones, bacterial infection, black box warning for tendon rupture

ciprofloxacin (generic name)

cipro, cipro XR, -floxacin, fluoroquinolones, bacterial infection, black box warning for tendon rupture, do not crush Cipro XR

levofloxacin (generic name)

levaquin, -floxacin, fluoroquinolones, bacterial infection, black box warning for tendon rupture

moxifloxacin (eye drops) (generic name)

vigamox, -floxacin, fluoroquinolones, bacterial conjunctivitis, opthalmic

cephalexin (generic name)

keflex, cef-/ceph-, cephalosporins, bacterial infection, 3-7% cross-sensitivity w/ penicillin allergy

doxycycline (generic name)

vibramycin, -cycline, tetracyclines, bacterial infection, do not take with anatcids, no dairy; not for children; may cause photosensitivity; preg category D; may cause discoloration in teeth

clindamycin (generic name)

cleocin, no prefix/suffix, lincomycin antibiotic, bacterial infection

azithromycin (generic name)

zithromax, -mycin, macrolides, bacterial infection, do not take w/ antacids

mupirocin (generic name)

bactroban, no prefix/suffix, topical antibacterial, skin infection, topical

amoxicillin/clavulanate (generic name)

augmentin, combo, penicillin combination, bacterial infection, must be refrigerated after reconstituted and disposed after 10 days; do not crush if augment XR

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) (generic name)

bactrim/bactrim DS, combo, sulfa antibiotic, bacterial infection, taken w/ plenty of water

clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide (generic name)

benzaclin, combo, topical antibiotic, bacterial infection, topical

ciprofloxacin/dexamthasone (generic name)

ciprodex, no prefix/suffix, quinolone/cortiscosteroid, bacterial external ear infection, otic

fluconazole (generic name)

diflucan, -azole, antifungal, fungal infection; candidiasis, liver function test needed

acyclovir (generic name)

zovirax, no prefix/suffix, antiviral, viral infections

valacyclovir (Generic name)

valtrex, no prefix/suffix, aminoquinolone, antimalarial

hydrochloroquine (generic name)

plaquenil, no prefix/suffix, aminoquinolone, antimalarial

metronidazole (generic name)

flagyl, no prefix/suffix, nitroimidazoles, bacterial and protozoal infections, disulfuram type reaction

lorazepam (generic name)

ativan, -pam/-lam, benzodiazepine, anxiety, C-IV, do not drink alcohol w/ drug class; sedative hypnotics; has been used as muscle relaxer

clonzepam (generic name)

klonopin, -pam/-lam, benzodiazepine, anxiety, C-IV, do not drink alcohol w/ drug class; sedative hypnotics; has been used as muscle relaxer

diazepam (generic name)

valium, benzodiazepine, anxiety, C-IV, do not drink alcohol w/ drug class; sedative hypnotics; has been used as muscle relaxer

alprazolam (generic name)

xanax, benzodiazepine, anxiety, C-IV, do not drink alcohol w/ drug class; sedative hypnotics; has been used as muscle relaxer

buspirone (generic name)

BuSpar, no prefix/suffix, neurotransmitter agonist/antagonist, anxiety, works on serotonin receptor

duloxetine (generic name)

cymbalta, -ine, SNRI (serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), depression, max antidepressant effect may take up to 8 weeks to know if it is going to work for patient, these drugs must be tapered down on dosing to prevent SSRI withdrawal symptoms

venlafaxine (generic name)

effexor, -ine, SNRI (serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), depression, do not crush effexor XR, max antidepressant effect may take up to 8 weeks to know if it is going to work for patient, these drugs must be tapered down on dosing to prevent SSRI withdrawal symptoms

paroxetine (generic name)

paxil, -ine, SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), depression, do not crush, max antidepressant effect may take up to 8 weeks to know if it is going to work for patient, these drugs must be tapered down on dosing to prevent SSRI withdrawal symptoms

fluoxetine (generic name)

prozac, -ine, SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), depression, do not crush prozac weekly, max antidepressant effect may take up to 8 weeks to know if it is going to work for patient, these drugs must be tapered down on dosing to prevent SSRI withdrawal symptoms

sertraline (generic name)

zoloft, -ine, SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), depression, max antidepressant effect may take up to 8 weeks to know if it is going to work for patient, these drugs must be tapered down on dosing to prevent SSRI withdrawal symptoms

citalopram (generic name)

celexa, no prefix/suffix, SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), depression, max antidepressant effect may take up to 8 weeks to know if it is going to work for patient, these drugs must be tapered down on dosing to prevent SSRI withdrawal symptoms

escitalopram (generic name)

lexapro, no prefix/suffix, SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), depression, max antidepressant effect may take up to 8 weeks to know if it is going to work for patient, these drugs must be tapered down on dosing to prevent SSRI withdrawal symptoms

mirtazapine (generic name)

remeron, no prefix/suffix, antidepressant, depression, anticholinergic drug with less side effects than TCA’s

nortriptyline (generic name)

pamelor, no prefix/suffix, TCA (tricyclic antidepressant), depression, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, anticholinergic side effects- blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, dilation of pupils

trazodone (generic name)

desyrel, no prefix/suffix, antidepressant, depression & insomnia, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, anticholinergic side effects- blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, dilation of pupils

bupropion (generic name)

Wellbutrin, wellbutrin SR; wellbutrin XL, antidepressant, depression, zyban (bupropion) marketed for smoking cessation; do not crush; brand name no longer on the market, available as intermediate releases, sustained-release (SR), and extended-release (XL). These are not interchangeable, each has its own dosing frequency

dextroamphetamine/amphetamine (generic name)

adderall, adderall XR, no prefix/suffix, amphetamine, ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), dizziness/drowsiness; avoid alcohol; don’t stop abruptly; don’t combine w/ MAOI’s; do not crush C-II

methylphenidate (generic name)

Concerta, ritalin, ritalin LA, no prefix/suffix, CNS stimulant, ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), dizziness/drowsiness; avoid alcohol; don’t stop abruptly; don’t combine w/ MAOI’s; do not crush C-II

dexmethylphenidate (generic name)

focalin, focalin XR, no prefix/suffix, CNS stimulant, ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), dizziness/drowsiness; avoid alcohol; don’t stop abruptly; don’t combine w/ MAOI’s; do not crush C-II

lisdexamfetamine (generic name)

vyvanse, no prefix/suffix, CNS stimulant, ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), dizziness/drowsiness; avoid alcohol; don’t stop abruptly; don’t combine w/ MAOI’s; do not crush C-II, PRODRUG

atomoxetine (generic name)

strattera, no prefix/suffix, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), not a controlled medication; do not open/crush as capsule contents can cause ocular irritation, not a controlled substance; pharmacologically works like an antidepressant

zolpidem (generic name)

ambien, no prefix/suffix, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, insomnia, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; avoid alcohol; do not crush if taking ambien CR; C-IV, not to be used for more than 10 days

eszopiclone (generic name)

lunesta, no prefix/suffix, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, insomnia, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; avoid alcohol; do not crush if taking ambien CR; C-IV, no FDA limit on duration of use, but usually less than 2 weeks

donepezil (generic name)

Aricept, no prefix/suffix, cholinesterase inhibitor, alzheimer’s disease, do not crush if taking 23 mg tablet

memantine (generic name)

namenda, no prefix/suffix, NMDA receptor agonist, alzheimer’s disease, dizziness/headache/fatigue; do not crush namenda XR, not a cure

sumatriptan (generic name)

imitrex, -triptan, serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonist, migrane headache, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, used for an active migraine, not for prevention of migraine

eletriptan (generic name)

relpax, -triptan, serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonist, migrane headache, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, used for an active migraine, not for prevention of migraine

arpiprazole (generic name)

abilify, no prefix/suffix, antipsychotic, schizophrenia, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, avoid alcohol; increased risk of weight gain; may also cause tardive dyskinesia & extrapyramidal effects, examples of dyskinesias are involuntary/uncontrollable movements, tremors, muscle contractions

ziprasidone (generic name)

geodon, no prefix/suffix, antipsychotic, schizophrenia, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, avoid alcohol; increased risk of weight gain; may also cause tardive dyskinesia & extrapyramidal effects, examples of dyskinesias are involuntary/uncontrollable movements, tremors, muscle contractions

risperidone (generic name)

risperdal, no prefix/suffix, antipsychotic, schizophrenia, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, avoid alcohol; increased risk of weight gain; may also cause tardive dyskinesia & extrapyramidal effects, examples of dyskinesias are involuntary/uncontrollable movements, tremors, muscle contractions

quentiapine (generic name)

seroquel, no prefix/suffix, antipsychotic, schizophrenia, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, avoid alcohol; increased risk of weight gain; may also cause tardive dyskinesia & extrapyramidal effects, examples of extrapyramidal effects are involuntary/abnormal movements of the jaw, lips and tongue

olanzapine (generic name)

Zyprexa, no prefix/suffix, antipsychotic, schizophrenia/bipolar disorder, may cause dizziness/drowsiness, avoid alcohol; increased risk of weight gain; may also cause tardive dyskinesia & extrapyramidal effects, examples of extrapyramidal effects are involuntary/abnormal movements of the jaw, lips and tongue

pramipexole (generic name)

mirapex, mirapex ER, no prefix/suffix, dopamine agonist, Parkinson’s disease, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; dry mouth or blurred vision

ropinirole (generic name)

requip, no prefix/suffix, dopamine agonist, Parkinson’s disease, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; dry mouth or blurred vision

modafinil (generic name)

Provigil, no prefix/suffix, sympathomimetic-like amine, narcolepsy, C-IV (schedule IV controlled substance), stimulant

divalproex sodium (generic name)

depakote ER, neurologic, seizure/bipolar/migraine, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; don’t stop taking abruptly; narrow therapeutic index, blood levels that are too low can lead to therapeutic failure/blood levels that are too high can lead to adverse drug effects that are life threatening

phenytoin (generic name)

dilantin, no preifx/suffix, hydantoin, seizure, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; don’t stop taking abruptly; narrow therapeutic index, blood levels that are too low can lead to therapeutic failure/blood levels that are too high can lead to adverse drug effects that are life threatening, toxicities for phenyotoin can include nystagmus to ataxia, slurred speech, lethargy, coma and death

levetiracetam (generic name)

Keppra, no prefix/suffix, antiepileptic, seizure, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; don’t stop taking abruptly

lamotrigine (generic name)

lamictal, no prefix/suffix, antiepileptic, seizure/bipolar disorder, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; don’t stop taking abruptly

topiramate (generic name)

Topamax, no prefix/suffix, antiepileptic, seizure, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; don’t stop taking abruptly, useful in migraine propylaxis

oxcarbazepine (generic name)

trileptal, no prefix/suffix, antiepileptic, partial seizure, may cause dizziness/drowsiness; don’t stop taking abruptly

pregabalin (generic name)

lyrica, no prefix/suffix, neurologic, neuropathic pain, dizziness/drowsiness; C-V

gabapentin (generic name)

neurontin, no prefix/suffix, neurologic, neuropathic pain/seizure, fatigue/peripheral edema, initially designed for seizures, ended up being more effective for neuropathic pain

metoprolo succinate (generic name)

toprol XL, -olol, beta-blocker, hypertension (HTN), once a day extended-release dosing; may cause dizziness/drowsiness, fatigue; do not crush, ADR’s of beta blockers: bradycardia, shortness of breath, hypoglycemia (use with caution in diabetics), heart block, Raynaud’s phenomenon, not recommended for asthmatics if avoidable due to possible bronchospasms

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Condition that affects blood flow to the skin, causing numbness and color changes in response to cold or stress, usually the fingers and toes. May turn white or blue before returning to red as blood flow returns.

nebivolol (generic name)

bystolic, -olol, beta-blocker, hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. Do not crush CR, XR, or XR formulations, ADR’s of beta blockers: bradycardia, shortness of breath, hypoglycemia (use with caution in diabetics), heart block, Raynaud’s phenomenon, not recommended for asthmatics if avoidable due to possible bronchospasms

carvedilol (generic name)

Coreg, Coreg CR, -olol, beta-blocker, hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. Do not crush CR, XR, or XR formulations, ADR’s of beta blockers: bradycardia, shortness of breath, hypoglycemia (use with caution in diabetics), heart block, Raynaud’s phenomenon, not recommended for asthmatics if avoidable due to possible bronchospasms

metoprolol tartrate (generic name)

lopressor, -olol, beta-blocker, hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. Do not crush CR, XR, or XR formulations, ADR’s of beta blockers: bradycardia, shortness of breath, hypoglycemia (use with caution in diabetics), heart block, Raynaud’s phenomenon, not recommended for asthmatics if avoidable due to possible bronchospasms

atenolol (generic name)

tenormin, -olol, beta-blocker, hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. Do not crush CR, XR, or XR formulations, ADR’s of beta blockers: bradycardia, shortness of breath, hypoglycemia (use with caution in diabetics), heart block, Raynaud’s phenomenon, not recommended for asthmatics if avoidable due to possible bronchospasms

triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide (generic name)

dyazide/maxzide, no prefix/suffix, k-sparing/thiazide diuretic, hypertension/edema (swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body’s tissues, likely to affect feet, ankles, and legs), watch potassium levels; may cause photosensitivity, patient counseling for signs of photosensitivity- patients may find that their eyes are more sensitive to sunlight or that their skin is more likely to sunburn, avoid alcohol w/ all diuretics due to increased risk of dehydration. All diuretics cause an increase in urination, recommended to take diuretics earlier in the day due to increased urine output

spironolactone (generic name)

aldactone, no prefix/suffix, K-sparing diuretics, hypertension, avoid alcohol- may lead to hypotension if consumed concurrently, avoid alcohol w/ all diuretics due to increased risk of dehydration. All diuretics cause an increase in urination, recommended to take diuretics earlier in the day due to increased urine output

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (generic name)

microzide, no prefix/suffix, thiazide diuretic, hypertension/edema, take in morning due to increased urination; watch potassium levels; may cause photosensitivity, potassium supplementation is usually needed due to the increased risk of hypokalemia (low potassium levels) when taking loop diuretics

furosemide (generic name)

lasix, -mide/-nide, loop diuretic, hypertension/edema, take in morning due to increased urination; watch potassium levels; may cause photosensitivity, potassium supplementation is usually needed due to the increased risk of hypokalemia (low potassium levels) when taking loop diuretics

ramipril (generic name)

altace, -pril, ACE-Inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness,  headache, hyperkalemia** (high potassium levels), and dry cough, serious side effects: cardiac edema (excess fluid within/surrounding the heart tissues, often leading to cardiovascular conditions), NSAID’s decrease effectiveness of ACE-I’s, they relax veins and arteries to decrease BP, preferred for renal patients and especially diabetic patients

enalapril (generic name)

vasotec, -pril, ACE-Inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness,  headache, hyperkalemia** (high potassium levels), and dry cough, serious side effects: cardiac edema (excess fluid within/surrounding the heart tissues, often leading to cardiovascular conditions), NSAID’s decrease effectiveness of ACE-I’s, they relax veins and arteries to decrease BP, preferred for renal patients and especially diabetic patients

lisinopril (generic name)

zestril & prinivil, -pril, ACE-Inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness,  headache, hyperkalemia** (high potassium levels), and dry cough, serious side effects: cardiac edema (excess fluid within/surrounding the heart tissues, often leading to cardiovascular conditions), NSAID’s decrease effectiveness of ACE-I’s, they relax veins and arteries to decrease BP, preferred for renal patients and especially diabetic patients

benzapril (generic name)

lotensin, -pril, ACE-Inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness,  headache, hyperkalemia** (high potassium levels), and dry cough, serious side effects: cardiac edema (excess fluid within/surrounding the heart tissues, often leading to cardiovascular conditions), NSAID’s decrease effectiveness of ACE-I’s, they relax veins and arteries to decrease BP, preferred for renal patients and especially diabetic patients

quinapril (generic name)

accupril, -pril, ACE-Inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness,  headache, hyperkalemia** (high potassium levels), and dry cough, serious side effects: cardiac edema (excess fluid within/surrounding the heart tissues, often leading to cardiovascular conditions), NSAID’s decrease effectiveness of ACE-I’s, they relax veins and arteries to decrease BP, preferred for renal patients and especially diabetic patients

irbesartan (generic name)

avapro, -sartan, ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, muscle pain, hyperkalemia**, drug class does not cause the dry cough associated w/ ACE-I’s b/c does not cause the buildup of bradykinin (vasodilator that widens blood vessels), drug class is a good alternative for patients that cannot tolerate ACE-I’s

olmesartan (generic name)

benicar, -sartan, ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, muscle pain, hyperkalemia**, drug class does not cause the dry cough associated w/ ACE-I’s b/c does not cause the buildup of bradykinin (vasodilator that widens blood vessels), drug class is a good alternative for patients that cannot tolerate ACE-I’s

losartan (generic name)

cozaar, -sartan, ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, muscle pain, hyperkalemia**, drug class does not cause the dry cough associated w/ ACE-I’s b/c does not cause the buildup of bradykinin (vasodilator that widens blood vessels), drug class is a good alternative for patients that cannot tolerate ACE-I’s

valsartan (generic name)

diovan, -sartan, ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, muscle pain, hyperkalemia**, drug class does not cause the dry cough associated w/ ACE-I’s b/c does not cause the buildup of bradykinin (vasodilator that widens blood vessels), drug class is a good alternative for patients that cannot tolerate ACE-I’s

telmisartan (generic name)

micardis, -sartan, ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker), hypertension (HTN), may cause dizziness, muscle pain, hyperkalemia**, drug class does not cause the dry cough associated w/ ACE-I’s b/c does not cause the buildup of bradykinin (vasodilator that widens blood vessels), drug class is a good alternative for patients that cannot tolerate ACE-I’s

amlodipine (generic name)

norvasc, -dipine, CCB- dihydropyridines; be able to recognize which CCB’s are dihydropyridines, hypertension, may cause dizziness, drowsiness, peripheral edema; do not crush long acting/extended release versions these drugs, CCB= calcium channel blocker, dihyropypines are more potent vasodilators compared to non-dihyropypines

nisoldipine (generic name)

sular, -dipine, CCB- dihydropyridines; be able to recognize which CCB’s are dihydropyridines, hypertension, may cause dizziness, drowsiness, peripheral edema; do not crush long acting/extended release versions these drugs, CCB= calcium channel blocker, dihyropypines are more potent vasodilators compared to non-dihyropypines

NIFedipine (generic name)

procardia, procardia XL, -dipine, CCB- dihydropyridines; be able to recognize which CCB’s are dihydropyridines, hypertension, may cause dizziness, drowsiness, peripheral edema; do not crush long acting/extended release versions these drugs, CCB= calcium channel blocker, dihyropypines are more potent vasodilators compared to non-dihyropypines

diltiazem (generic name)

cardizem, dilacor XR, no prefix/suffix, CCB- nondihydropyridines; be able to recognize which drugs are non-dihydropyridines, hypertension, may cause dizziness, drowsiness, peripheral edema; do not crush long acting/extended-release versions these drugs, CCB= calcium channel blocker, non-dihydropypines have a more negative chronotropic effect compared to dihydropyridines

verapamil (generic name)

calan, calan SR, verelan, no prefix/suffix, CCB- nondihydropyridines; be able to recognize which drugs are non-dihydropyridines, hypertension, may cause dizziness, drowsiness, peripheral edema; do not crush long acting/extended-release versions these drugs, CCB= calcium channel blocker, non-dihydropypines have a more negative chronotropic effect compared to dihydropyridines