What is diffusion?
Gases move from high to low concentrations.
REMEMBER: It’s caused by Type 1 alveolar cells
what is gas exchange?
Oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide enters the alveoli
What is macrophages?
A protective layer that surrounds alveoli.
What is surfactant?
a protective INNER layer of alveoli that prevents alveoli from sticking to themselves
Partial pressure of oxygen ___ at it moves away from alveoli to tissue cells
decreases
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ___ as it moves from tissue cells to alveoli
increases
___ is only way Oyxgen can be carried throughout the body
Hemoglobin bonding
what is % saturation?
number of hemoglobin with an oxygen molecule attached to each heme group
What does 100% O2 saturation mean?
Each hemoglobin is bound to the maximum 4 oxygen molecules
What % saturation indicates that the cell is at rest?
when O2 saturation is at 77 - 75%
What are the 3 ways CO2 could be transported across the body?
Dissolved CO2
Bound to Hemoglobin
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
CO2 reacts with water to form ____
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Explain how bicarbonate transport carbon dioxide
Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) dissociates into H+ (Hydrogen ions) & HCO3 (bicarbonate ions)
Electrical neutrality is maintained by moving CI- ion into RBC when HCO3 moves out; “chloride shift.”
Increases in CO2 decrease the pH of blood (making it more acidic)
HCO3 converts back to CO2, and you exhale it
Process reverses when blood reaches alveoli
What do chemoreceptors in blood vessels measure?
Chemoreceptors measure changes in:
Blood pH
PO2
PCO2