AP -- Linkage institutions, Development of the Two- party system , party polarization and minor parties

Interactions between gov and Citizens

pay taxes, public and education service, policies pref, court preceding(jury duty), law enforcement, interest groups (monet and donate), models of rep, media (info to rep and info to officials) reaching out v- email, polls

Linkage insitutions

anything that services as way for voters and citizens to communicate their preferences to policy makers

coattial effect

Happens in a midterm election based on peopls approval or disapproval of the sitting president —> if their happy with the republican president then they vote for republicans in midterm elections (vice Versa)

institutions outside of gov to link citizens to their gov

necessary for large democ and republic, not mentioned in constitution but needed, include political parties, interest groups and media

Political parties

a group of individuals with broad common interest —> central to American system, deeply woven into American politics that can’t be understood apart from political system as a whole. include political parties, interest groups and the media

2 party system

consensus of value, historical influcence and winner take all system

Functions of Political Parties

electing candidates, educating the public, involving ppl in the political process, gov watchdog, operating the gov, dispensing patronage, developing/ implementing policy, providing stability

Federalist party V Democratic - Republican party

parties formed after washington stepped down from presidency and it was Adams V Jefferson and parties became more organized

jefferson (1800)

who became the first president to be elected by a political party ( democratic- republicans) and felt that parties were temporary and was a means to win

regional parties

what were parties mostly after Adams V Jefferson

James Monroe

who was the president that inspired the “good feelings” decade and made competition non existent from the decades 1817 to 1825

Democratic party

what party formed around prez Jackson that replaced democratic-republican party and who loved Jackson’s charismatic style

Whig Party

what was the party that formed out of opposing prez Jackson

President Jackson

who was the first chief executive to win the white house as a nominee of a truly national popularly based political party

Republican Party

what party replaced Whigs after breaking up on the issue of slaverly

To abolish Slavery

at first what did the republicans want and helped northern democrats elect Abraham lincoln for?

Party Stability

Dominance of party organization in local and state governments

Golden Age

what was this age called as it showed stability in identity of both parties which was rare in democratic republicans around the world?

political machines

A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives n is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity

political parties helped

……………. with housing, employment n organized broad entertainment activities and offered upward social mobility

immigrants

who was the group that influenced political parties

political parties during 1860 - 1932

had increased party loyalty devotion and increase voter turnout

government

what term was political parties used with interchangeably

loyalty and strenght

what did the government taking many important functions done by parties (FDR new deal program) impact for parties during the 1900 and 1930’s

parties

Post WW2 era and extensive social change weakened…

Candidate - centered politics

Politics that focus on the candidates, their particular issues and character rather than party affiliation

less control

parties had ……. over their issues and campaigns gave candidates more freedom and seeking resources

lobbyists and interest groups

………… took over parties

urban to suburban

change from …….. post ww2 weakend parties (privacy) and population

party realigment

dramatic shift in partisan preference that drastically alter political landscapes

Critical election

an election that signals a party realignment through voter polarization around new issues and personalities (EX —> great depression - voters repucilate issues and personalities)

Secular realignment

gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based more on demographics shifts than on shocks to the political system

favored social status quo

why did southern democrats shift toward a different party in reaction to the New Deal

Republican

what party did southern democrats shift to

Democrates

what party shifted to liberal social causes, civil rights

warning about factions

federalist no. 10 (1787), Washington’s fair well address(1796) - parties as cause for breaking of the union

Mass polarization

the people — general public

Elite polarization

those involved in the government

public policy

most parties rooted in social movements influcence….. and need financial / human resources and politcal support

minor parties find roots

sectionalism, economic protest, specific issues, ideology and appealing, charismatic personalities

greatest success

minor parties have ………. when adding new ideas or alienated groups, or nominated altristive candidates n when thrust in main parties law.

Proportional representation

a voting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a particular party

winner take all system

an electoral system in which the party that receives at least one more vote than any other party wins the election

examples of barriers to minor party success

electoral college system, rules of public financing for prez elections

Lobbying and funding

Two terms that go with interest groups