Mineralogy Final

Copper

Copper

• Cu

• Color: rose, red, brown

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: irregular distortions, massive, many shapes

• Streak: copper-red

• Hardness: 2.5-3

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: hackly

• SG: 8.95

• Other: native element, tarnishes

Graphite

• C

• Color: black to gray

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: tabular, foliated masses, compact massive

• Streak: black to dark gray

• Hardness: 1-2

• Cleavage: 1 plane

• Fracture: flaky

• SG: 2

• Other: native element, greasy feel

Sulfur

• S

• Color: yellow, maybe brownish

• Luster: resinous to greasy, powdered is dull

• Habit: massive, granular, chunky

• Streak: light yellow

• Hardness: 1.5-2.5

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: uneven, crumbly

• SG: 2

• Other: native element, strong odor

Arsenopyrite

• FeAsS

• Color: gray to silver

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: stubby prisms, acicular, striated, compact

• Streak: black to gray

• Hardness: 5.5-6

• Cleavage: 2 planes

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 6

• Other: sulfide, odor when struck

Chalcopyrite

• CuFeS₂

• Color: brass yellow

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: tetrahedron, massive

• Streak: greenish gray

• Hardness: 3.5-4

• Cleavage: indistinct

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: sulfide

Galena

• PbS

• Color: gray to silver

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: cubes and octahedra, tabular

• Streak: gray

• Hardness: 2.5-2.75

• Cleavage: 3 planes, 90

• Fracture: subconchoidal

• SG: 7

• Other: sulfide, isometric

Pyrite

• FeS₂

• Color: pale brass yellow, more silver

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: cubic, octahedral, intergrown

• Streak: greenish to brownish black

• Hardness: 6-6.5

• Cleavage: none, indistinct

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 5

• Other: sulfide, isometric, fool’s gold

Pyrrhotite

• Fe_1-xS

• Color: bronze, dark brown

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: tabular, prismatic, massive

• Streak: dark gray-black

• Hardness: 3.5-4.5

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4.5

• Other: sulfide, weakly magnetic

Sphalerite

• ZnS

• Color: light to dark brown, red, yellow, black

• Luster: adamantine to resinous

• Habit: crystals, granular massive

• Streak: pale yellow

• Hardness: 3.5-4

• Cleavage: 6 planes, dodecahedral

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: sulfide, isometric, weird streak, odor when powedered

Realgar

• AsS

• Color: red to yellow-orange

• Luster: resinous to greasy

• Habit: prismatic, granular massive

• Streak: red-orange

• Hardness: 1.5-2

• Cleavage: 1 plane, kinda 2

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3.5

• Other: sulfide, found with opriment

Orpiment

• As₂S₃

• Color: golden yellow

• Luster: resinous, pearly

• Habit: foliated columnar, granular massive

• Streak: pale yellow

• Hardness: 1.5-2

• Cleavage: 1 plane ish

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3.5

• Other: sulfide

Stibnite

• Sb₂S₃

• Color: gray, tarnishes black

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: bladed, massive, radiating

• Streak: gray

• Hardness: 2

• Cleavage: 1 plane

• Fracture: subconchoidal

• SG: 4.5

• Other: sulfide

Cinnabar

• HgS

• Color: red, brownish red

• Luster: adamantine to dull

• Habit: tabular, rhombohedral, massive

• Streak: scarlet

• Hardness: 2-2.5

• Cleavage: 3 planes not 90?

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 8.2

• Other: sulfide, heavy

Bauxite

• Aluminum hydroxides

• Color: browns, tans, reds

• Luster: earthly

• Habit: pisolitic

• Streak: brown

• Hardness: varies

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: varies

• Other: oxide, group of minerals

Corundum

• Al₂O₃

• Color: colorless, gray, brown, to any color ever

• Luster: subadamantine to vitreous

• Habit: prismatic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, massive

• Streak: none

• Hardness: 9

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: conchoidal to uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: oxide, sapphire and ruby

Goethite

• FeO(OH)

• Color: brown to black, red

• Luster: subadamantine to dull

• Habit: botryoidal, acicular, massive

• Streak: brown to yellow

• Hardness: 5-5.5

• Cleavage: 1 plane?

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3.5

• Other: oxide, hydroxide, weakly magnetic

Hematite

• Fe₂O₃

• Color: rust red, gray

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: botryoidal, oolitic, massive, tabular

• Streak: bright to dark red

• Hardness: 5.5-6.5

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 5

• Other: oxide, always dark red streak

Limonite

• FeO(OH) ~ H₂O

• Color: brown and yellow

• Luster: earthy, powdery

• Habit: fine grained

• Streak: yellowish brown

• Hardness: 4-5.5

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3-4

• Other: oxide, hydroxide

Magnetite

• Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

• Color: black, gray

• Luster: metallic

• Habit: massive, octahedral

• Streak: black

• Hardness: 5.5-6.5

• Cleavage: indistinct

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 5

• Other: oxide, magnetic

Fluorite

• CaF₂

• Color: colorless, or many other colors

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: crystals, cubic or octahedral, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 4

• Cleavage: 4 planes, octahedral

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: halide, isometric

Halite

• NaCl

• Color: colorless, white, some impurities

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: cubic, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 2-2.5

• Cleavage: 3 planes at 90

• Fracture: conchoidal

• SG: 2

• Other: halide, salty, isometric

Barite

• BaSO₄

• Color: colorless, white, brown, blueish, yellowish

• Luster: vitreous, pearly

• Habit: tabular to fibrous, roses, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 3-3.5

• Cleavage: 3 planes

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4.5

• Other: sulfate

Celestite

• SrSO₄

• Color: white, pale blue to green

• Luster: vitreous to pearly

• Habit: tabular to pyramidal crystals, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 3-3.5

• Cleavage: 2 plnaes

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: sulfate, sky blue color

Gypsum

• CaSO₄ ~ 2H₂O

• Color: colorless, white, some impurities

• Luster: vitreous to silky

• Habit: massive, elongated prismatic

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 2

• Cleavage: 1 plane

• Fracture: uneven to splintery

• SG: 2

• Other: sulfate, flexible

Calcite

• CaCO₃

• Color: colorless, white, maybe brownish

• Luster: vitreous to pearly

• Habit: rhombohedral, massive, lots of things

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 3

• Cleavage: 3 planes, not 90

• Fracture: conchoidal

• SG: 3

• Other: carbonate

Siderite

• FeCO₃

• Color: yellow to tan, brown

• Luster: vitreous to pearly

• Habit: tabular, massive, curved

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 3.75-4.25

• Cleavage: 3 planes not at 90

• Fracture: uneven to conchoidal

• SG: 4

• Other: carbonate

Rhodochrosite

• MnCO₃

• Color: pink, rose, reddish

• Luster: vitreous to pearly

• Habit: rhombohedral, bladed, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 3.5-4

• Cleavage: 3 planes not at 90

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: carbonate

Smithsonite

• ZnCO₃

• Color: white, gray, blue, yellow, pink

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: botryoidal, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 4.5

• Cleavage: 3 planes, not at 90

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4.5

• Other: carbonate, botryoidal

Malachite

• Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

• Color: bright to dark green

• Luster: subadamantine to vitreous, dull if massive

• Habit: massive, lamellar, layered

• Streak: light green

• Hardness: 3.5-4

• Cleavage: 3 planes

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: carbonate

Azurite

• Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

• Color: bright to dark blue

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: massive, prismatic

• Streak: light blue

• Hardness: 3.5-4

• Cleavage: almost 3 planes

• Fracture: conchoidal

• SG: 4

• Other: carbonate, found with malachite

Apatite

• Calcium phosphate

• Color: green, yellow, colorless

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: tabular, prismatic, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 5

• Cleavage: none, indistinct

• Fracture: conchoidal to uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: phosphate, green

Turquoise

• Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate

• Color: turquoise, blue-green

• Luster: waxy

• Habit: massive

• Streak: bluish white

• Hardness: 5-6

• Cleavage: 1 plane

• Fracture: conchoidal

• SG: 3

• Other: phosphate, opaque, waxy

Wavellite

• Hydrated aluminum phosphate

• Color: green to yellow-green

• Luster: vitreous to resinous

• Habit: acicular, spherical, crusty

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 3.5-4

• Cleavage: 1 plane

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 2

• Other: phosphate, green

Garnet

• general AB, grossulite (green) or almandine (red), neso

• Color: pretty much all colors

• Luster: vitreous to resinous

• Habit: dodecahedron

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 6.5-7.5

• Cleavage: indistinct, none

• Fracture: conchoidal to uneven

• SG: 3.5

• Other: nesosilicate

Topaz

• Aluminum, neso

• Color: colorless, or any color really

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: prismatic

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 8

• Cleavage: 1 plane, basal

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: nesosilicate

Kyanite

• Aluminosilicate, neso

• Color: blue, white

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: bladed, columnar, fibrous

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 5-7

• Cleavage: 2 planes

• Fracture: splintery

• SG: 3.5

• Other: nesosilicate, isostructural with andalusite and sillimanite

Andalusite

• Aluminosilicate, neso

• Color: gray, brown, pink, yellow

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: columnar aggregates, fibrous

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 6.5-7.5

• Cleavage: 2 planes, 90

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: nesosilicate, isostructural with sillimanite and kyanite

Sillimanite

• Aluminosilicate, neso

• Color: white to gray, tan, brown

• Luster: vitreous to silky

• Habit: prismatic, fibrous, striated

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 7

• Cleavage: 1 plane

• Fracture: splintery

• SG: 3

• Other: nesosilicate, isostructural with andalusite and kyanite

Beryl

• Beryllium, cyclosilicate

• Color: green, lots of other colors

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: prismatic, hexagonal

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 7.5-8

• Cleavage: none, indistinct

• Fracture: conchoidal to uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: cyclosilicate, emerald, aquamarine

Tourmaline

• hodge-podge cyclosilicate

• Color: black, brown, colorless, other

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: elongated, prismatic, striated

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 7-7.5

• Cleavage: indistinct

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: cyclosilicate

Kaolinite

• Aluminum, phyllo, clay

• Color: white to cream

• Luster: earthy, claylike

• Habit: massive, claylike

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 2-2.5

• Cleavage: 1 plane, basal

• Fracture: uneven, chalky

• SG: 2.5

• Other: phyllosilicate, clay group, chalky feel

Biotite

• magnesium, iron, phyllo, mica

• Color: dark brown, black

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: platy

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 2.5-3

• Cleavage: 1 plane, basal

• Fracture: micaceous

• SG: 3

• Other: phyllosilicate, mica group

Muscovite

• aluminum, phyllo, mica

• Color: white, gray, silver

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: platy

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 2-4

• Cleavage: 1 plane, basal

• Fracture: micaceous

• SG: 3

• Other: phyllosilicate, mica group

Lepidolite

• Lithium, phyllo, mica

• Color: pink, light purple

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: tabular, scaly, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 2.5-3

• Cleavage: 1 plane, basal

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: phyllosilicate, mica group, lithium, purple

Talc

• Magnesium, phyllo, mica

• Color: white, gray, light green

• Luster: waxy, pearly

• Habit: masses, foliated

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 1

• Cleavage: 1 plane, basal

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: phyllosilicate, greasy feel, mica group

Pyrophyllite

• Aluminum, phyllo, mica

• Color: brown, yellow, gray, greenish

• Luster: pearly

• Habit: acicular, foliated, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 1.5-2

• Cleavage: 1 plane, basal

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: phyllosilicate, acicular, mica group

Chrysocolla

• Copper, phyllo, mica

• Color: blue, cyan, green

• Luster: vitreous to dull

• Habit: massive, botryoidal

• Streak: white to blue-green

• Hardness: 2.5-3.5

• Cleavage: none

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 2

• Other: phyllosilicate, copper, mica group

Spodumene

• Lithium, aluminum, ino, pyroxene

• Color: white, gray, tan, or lots of other colors in crystal form

• Luster: vitreous to earthy

• Habit: prismatic, elongated, striated

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 6.5-7

• Cleavage: 2 planes at almost 90

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: lithium, inosilicate, pyroxene

Wollastonite

• Calcium, ino, pyroxenoid

• Color: white, gray

• Luster: vitreous to dull

• Habit: massive, lamellar, fibrous aggregates

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 4.5-5

• Cleavage: 2 planes at almost 90

• Fracture: splintery, uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: inosilicate, pyroxenoid, commonly occurs with green inclusions

Rhodonite

• Manganese, ino, pyroxenoid

• Color: pink, rose, red, brownish

• Luster: vitreous to pearly

• Habit: massive, tabular

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 5.5-6.5

• Cleavage: 2-3 at almost 90

• Fracture: conchoidal to uneven

• SG: 4

• Other: Mn, red, inosilicate, pyroxenoid

Anthophyllite

• Magnesium, ino, amphibole

• Color: gray to green, brown, beige

• Luster: vitreous, pearly

• Habit: fibrous, acicular, lamellar

• Streak: white to gray

• Hardness: 5.5-6

• Cleavage: 2 planes, not 90

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: inosilicate, amphibole, acicular

Actinolite

• Calcium, ino, amphibole

• Color: pale to dark green, silver, white, gray

• Luster: vitreous to dul

• Habit: bladed, fibrous, acicular

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 5-6

• Cleavage: 2 planes, not 90

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: inosilicate, amphibole

Quartz

• SiO₂, tecto

• Color: colorless, pink (rose), purple (amethyst), gray, (smokey), and many others

• Luster: vitreous

• Habit: 6-sided prism with pyramid, massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 7

• Cleavage: indistinct, none

• Fracture: conchoidal

• SG: 2.5

• Other: tectosilicate, many varities

Alkali Feldspar

• K-Na-Ca, Aluminum, tecto

• Color: pink, white, gray, brown

• Luster: vitreous to dul

• Habit: blocky, prisms, striated, exsolution zoning

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 6-6.5

• Cleavage: 2 planes

• Fracture: uneven

• SG: 3

• Other: tectosilicate, exsolution markings

Sodalite

• Sodium, chloride, tecto

• Color: royal blue, white

• Luster: vitreous to dull, greasy

• Habit: massive

• Streak: white

• Hardness: 5.5-6

• Cleavage: poor

• Fracture: conchoidal to uneven

• SG: 2

• Other: tectosilicate, sodium, blue