Chapter-13 Genetics and Biotechnology
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22 Terms
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Selective Breeding
When desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generation
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Inbreeding
when 2 closely related organisms are bred to have desired traits and to eliminate undesired ones in future generations
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test cross
breeding an organism that has an unknown genotype with on that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait
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Genetic Engineering
technology that invloves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert exogenous DNA
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Genome
The total DNA present in the nucleus
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Restriction Enzymes
Cells that contain proteins that recognize and bind to specific DNA within that sequence
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Gel Electricphoresis
A process where an electric current is used to seperate DNA fragments according to size
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Recombinant DNA
Newly generated DNA molecules that naturally occur in bacteria and yeast cells
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DNA ligase
An enzyme used by cells in DNA repair and replication
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Transformation
some bacteria cells take up the recombinant plasmis DNA
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Cloning
A process where large numbers of identical bacteria containing the inserted DNA molecules.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
A technique that can be used to make millions of copies of a specific region
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Transgenic Organism
Some organisms are genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism
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DNA FIngerprinting
Separting DNA fragments using gel electricphoresis in order to observe the distinct banding patterns that are unique to every individual
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Bioinformatics
Creating and maintaing data of biological information
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DNA Microarrays
tiny microscopes slides that spotted with DNA fragments
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Single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNP)
variations in the DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in the genome is altered.
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haplotypes
regions of linked variations in the human genome.
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Pharmacogenomics
the study of how genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs
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gene therapy
a technique aimed at correcting mutated genes that cause human diseases
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genomics
the study of an organism’s genome
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Proteomics
the large scale study and cataloging of the structure and functions of proteins in the human body
Note 
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