Chapter-13 Genetics and Biotechnology

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Selective Breeding

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All of the biology vocabulary for chapter 13

22 Terms

1

Selective Breeding

When desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generation

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2

Inbreeding

when 2 closely related organisms are bred to have desired traits and to eliminate undesired ones in future generations

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3

test cross

breeding an organism that has an unknown genotype with on that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait

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4

Genetic Engineering

technology that invloves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert exogenous DNA

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5

Genome

The total DNA present in the nucleus

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6

Restriction Enzymes

Cells that contain proteins that recognize and bind to specific DNA within that sequence

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7

Gel Electricphoresis

A process where an electric current is used to seperate DNA fragments according to size

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8

Recombinant DNA

Newly generated DNA molecules that naturally occur in bacteria and yeast cells

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9

DNA ligase

An enzyme used by cells in DNA repair and replication

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10

Transformation

some bacteria cells take up the recombinant plasmis DNA

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11

Cloning

A process where large numbers of identical bacteria containing the inserted DNA molecules.

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12

Polymerase Chain Reaction

A technique that can be used to make millions of copies of a specific region

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13

Transgenic Organism

Some organisms are genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism

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14

DNA FIngerprinting

Separting DNA fragments using gel electricphoresis in order to observe the distinct banding patterns that are unique to every individual

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15

Bioinformatics

Creating and maintaing data of biological information

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16

DNA Microarrays

tiny microscopes slides that spotted with DNA fragments

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17

Single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNP)

variations in the DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in the genome is altered.

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18

haplotypes

regions of linked variations in the human genome.

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19

Pharmacogenomics

the study of how genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs

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20

gene therapy

a technique aimed at correcting mutated genes that cause human diseases

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21

genomics

the study of an organism’s genome

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22

Proteomics

the large scale study and cataloging of the structure and functions of proteins in the human body

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