Biological therapy for schizophrenia

Typical antipsychotics

Traditional drugs that have a strong association with the dopamine hypothesis. Reduce the action of the neurotransmitter dopamine (antagonist). It blocks dopamine receptors in the synapse of the brain. This reduces the action of dopamine

Chlorpromazine (Typical)

Reduces symptoms of SZ (hallucinations) and acts as a sedative

Atypical antipsychotics

Second generation drugs that aim to have minimal side effects. Updated to minimise side effects and increase effectiveness.

Clozapine (Atypical)

Atypical antipsychotic, can lead to blood problems, given to patients with suicide thoughts. Binds to dopamine receptors and, in addition, acts on serotonin and glutamate receptors

Risperidone (Atypical)

Atypical antipsychotic, has minimal side effects. Binds to dopamine and serotonin receptors, but binds more strongly to dopamine than clozapine

Support for effectiveness

Meltzer (2012) found that clozapine was 30-50% more effective than typical and other atypical antipsychotics. It is effective in 30-50% of treatment-resistant cases where typical antipsychotics have failed

Side effects

Antipsychotics can cause major side effects like dizziness, tiredness and weight gain. It can also cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome which is fatal and can send patients into a coma. This is because they block dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus which is a vital part for the body to function

Incomplete explanation

Tied to dopamine hypothesis (SZ symptoms are caused by high levels of dopamine in the subcortex). But it’s incomplete, some areas have too low dopamine levels.