I&D 10: Dealing with bias

Reducing bias in sampling

Explain how gender bias in sampling can be reduced (2)

* Recruit representative balance of males and females (50/50?) ​

* Recruit more female samples if previous research under- represents them​

Reducing bias in sampling

Explain how cultural bias in sampling can be reduced (2)

​* Conduct more cross-cultural research​

* Aim to make these more representative of individualistic and collectivistic cultures, e.g., by using the Standard Cross- Cultural Sample

Reducing bias in measurement / definition

Explain how the problems of gender bias in diagnosis of schizophrenia could be dealt with (2)

* Drop functioning rule from diagnostic criteria OR

* Give clearer guidance / training to avoid alpha bias in diagnosis

Reducing bias in measurement / definition

Explain how the problems of cultural bias in diagnosis of schizophrenia could be dealt with (2)

* Give better guidance / training for diagnosis of minority / migrant groups

* Giving greater cultural awareness to avoid alpha bias

Reducing bias in theorising / interpreting findings

Identify some ways of reducing gender / cultural bias in psychological theories / interpretation of findings (aim for 3 key points)

* Improved sampling and definitions / measurement​​

* Reflexivity: reflect on own biases​: may be biased due to ideas being based on own gender / culture​

* Increase dialogue with others who are different from you

* Consider alternative theories / perspectives​, including environmental explanations

* Consider universality and differences / variation