[NOT DONE] Functional Upper Limb, Joints of the Upper Limb (Exam 1)

State a general principle with regard to the range of motion at each joint throughout the upper limb

Movement becomes more restricted the further distal along the upper limb

What kind of movements occur at the glenohumeral joint?

Elevation, Depression, Protraction, Retraction, Rotation

What kind of movements occur at the radioulnar joint?

Flexion, Extension, Rotation

What kind of movements occur at the radiocarpal joint?

Flexion, Extension, Radial and Ulnar Deviation (Abduction/Adduction)

What kind of movements occur at the phalangeal joint?

Flexion, Extension

What three anatomical structures can be used to guide movement at any joint?

Bones, ligaments and muscles guide/control movements at articulations

What is an example of a bone-guided joint?

Ulnohumeral

What is an example of a ligament-guided joint?

Radiocarpal

What is an example of a muscle-guided joint?

Glenohumeral

How does insertion differ from origin with respect to muscle attachment?

The insertion of a muscle is the most moveable attachment; the origin its least moveable

What are the three ways which muscles can attach?

Flesh, Aponeurosis, and Tendon

What is an aponeurosis?

Thin, flat, sheet-like tendon

What is an example of a muscle with an aponeurotic origin?

Latissimus Dorsi

What fascial structure prevents bowstringing of tendinous muscle attachments as they cross the joint?

Retinaculum

How do muscles that are stabilizers differ from muscles that are mobilizers?

Muscles that stabilize are attached at a distance from the joint crossed (controlled); muscles that mobilize are attached close to the joint crossed (controlled)

What is an example of a muscle that can reverse its origin and insertion to provide differing function?

The Brachialis. By ‘chinning’ the muscle once a mobilizer becomes a stabilizer; the brachioradialis once a stabilizer becomes a mobilizer. The attachments reverse when you make your hands the least freely moveable part of the upper limb instead of the most moveable

What constitutes a muscle sling?

All the muscles that cross any given joint

What does the term “tendon action of a muscle” refer to?

Using the position of a joint to stretch/relax the tendon of a muscle crossing it - best illustrated in paralyzed muscles that have become fibrous

What are the 3 types of ligaments associated with the scapulothoracic joint complex?

Extracapsular, intracapsular and capsular ligaments

What muscles are involved in the scapulothoracic sling?

Trapezius, Pectoralis Minor, Anterior Serratus, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor

What are the actions of Trapezius at the scapulothoracic sling?

Retraction and superior rotation

What is the action of the Pectoralis Minor at the scapulothoracic sling?

Depression

What are the actions of the Anterior Serratus at the scapulothoracic sling?

Protraction, Abduction and Inferior/Superior Rotation

What is the action of the Levator Scapulae at the scapulothoracic sling?

Elevation

What are the actions of the Rhomboids Major and Minor at the scapulothoracic sling?

Retraction/Abduction, and Inferior Rotation

What are the muscles involved in the glenohumeral sling?

Deltoid, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Coracobrachialis, Pectoralis Major, and Latissimus Dorsi

What is the function of the Deltoid at the glenohumeral sling?

Abduction

What is the function of the Subscapularis at the glenohumeral sling?

Internal Rotation

What are the functions of the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor at the glenohumeral sling?

External Rotation

What is the function of the Teres Major at the glenohumeral sling?

Adduction, Internal Rotation

Card 16