SCIENCE EXAM

Which of the following can you determine from the figure provided? (Think Nigeria and Canada)

The population in Nigeria is growing more rapidly than Canada.

The current global human population is approximately ________

7.3 Billion

Declining population growth rates in developing countries can be partially attributed to ________.

Education of women

At what stage is the U.S. in the demographic transition model?

the postindustrial stage

The term demographic transition refers to ________.

the decline in death rates and subsequent decline in birth rates that occur as a country economically develops

The United Nations currently predicts that Earth will be home to almost ________ billion people by the year 2050.

10

Demographically speaking, the effects of AIDS are most significant because ________.

AIDS sickens and kills the youngest and most productive members of society

Which of the following best describes human population growth from early times to the present day?

slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then rapid growth

The world population growth rate is currently approximately ________%.

1.2

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________.

increases environmental impact

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in ________.

developing countries

A graph of world population growth over the past 500 years most closely resembled the letter ________.

J

According to the IPAT model, which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

greater use of birth control by most members of a society

Monoculture farming ________.

is a development of industrial agriculture

________ refers to the agricultural practices in which the members of a farming family produce only enough food for their family's own subsistence and do not make use of large-scale irrigation, chemical fertilizer, or machinery and technology.

Traditional agriculture

A soil deficient in humus would have ________.

very low levels of biological activity

pH influences ________.

plant growth

Soil texture refers to the relative amounts of ________ in soil

sand, silt, and clay

We lose 5 to 7 million hectares of productive cropland per year to ________.

soil degradation

________ is the loss of more than 10% of soil productivity in arid areas due to such factors as erosion, soil compaction, overgrazing, and forest removal.

Desertification

Drip irrigation is ________.

more than twice as efficient at conserving water as traditional conventional irrigation

All of the following were steps toward sustainability taken by Kennesaw State University EXCEPT ________.

constructing their own nuclear power plant

Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because ________.

alts in the water are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates

The results of the overapplication of fertilization can include ________.

eutrophication in nearby waters

The figure demonstrates that it requires roughly ________ times more feed input to produce 1 kg of eggs than 1 kg of milk.

4

In Queensland, Australia, cactus moths ________.

effectively cleared non-native prickly pear cactus from rangeland

A child named Emma in Uganda has a large abdomen and reddish hair that used to be black, suggesting that Emma probably ________.

suffers from kwashiorkor

Researchers in Switzerland and Pennsylvania have demonstrated that organic farming ________.

decreased organic soil losses while giving yields almost as high as conventional farming

Which of the following is permissible for use on certified organic crops?

manure

Approximately ________% of the food we consume comes from ________ crop species.

90; 15

All of the following factors are thought to contribute to colony collapse disorder EXCEPT ________.

abnormally harsh winters

Organic farming ________.

as become more challenging because of contamination by GM crop varieties

Per capita meat consumption has ________ since 1950.

doubled

It is more energetically efficient for us to eat more ________.

plant-based foods

In order for livestock to be considered organic, ________.

animals must be fed 100% organic agricultural feed

Globally, approximately how many people are undernourished?

800 million

From our video "World in Balance", what do we know about women who are educated?

fewer children

How does empowerment of women in the Middle East compare to other countries?

It is seriously lagging behind

Francis in Kenya has created a pretty exceptional farm to table program which feeds an entire orphanage and community. What is one technique he uses that allows different nutrients in the soil to be used at different times, while also helping to eliminate pests? Hint - he never plants corn in the same place twice in a row.

crop rotation

Marla Spivak from TED described how honeybee's are disappearing all over the United States. Why are these bee's so important for certain crops like tomatoes?

The pollen is held really tight so they need the vibration produced by honeybees to release it.

What does Jared Diamond say is the worst mistake in the history of the human race and why?

The agricultural revolution; because it caused human population to explode and resulted in a much more limited and less healthy diet

In Johannesburg, what two things are helping people to achieve food security?

Family planning and population reduction

Where does water come from for the farm in Kenya?

A river that runs through the farm

National Geographic tells the story of several farmers and their journey to switching from traditional chemical based agriculture to organic practices. What is one step they are taking to help offer some assurance against the financial risk?

Forming partnerships with companies

Consumer demand for organics is causing demand to _________ while US supply is

increase, limited

Which of the following is a fundamental barrier to becoming an organic farm?

different equipment and costly up-front investments

Considering the annual population growth in China, what has happened since the one child policy changed to a two child policy?

Population

Why is India making progress in slowing population growth?

Rising affluence

Family planning

Advances in womens education

Why are Japanese men and women not marrying?

growing employment opportunities for women, less for men

How did the population for the state of GA change from 1960 to 2000?

It doubled

How does energy use in the state of GA compare to the national average?

Lower

Overall, governments in the Middle East are unable to deliver basic services and opportunities causing them to face a crisis of _____________ and _______________.

poverty, unemployment

The comparison shown in the figure is environmentally significant because it shows that ________.

production of beef and pork is resource-intensive

What is the population in Canada likely to experience soon?

more senior citizens

The greatest cause of the worldwide loss of species is ________.

habitat destruction

The greatest species diversity is found in which of the following groups?

insects

The IUCN's Red List is ________.

an updated list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction

Changes in habitat have tremendous effects on the organisms that depend on them. These effects are ________.

generally negative; organisms are already adapted to the habitats in which they occur and any change is likely to render the habitat less suitable

Biodiversity enhances human food security because it ________.

is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods

Removal of which of the following species will result in the greatest changes in an ecological system?

Question 60 options:

a keystone species

The field of conservation biology ________.

attempts to integrate an understanding of evolution and extinction into their field research

What is the greatest contributing factor in the loss of polar bears in arctic areas?

decline in sea ice

Ecotourism ________.

maintains biodiversity by providing income to areas that might otherwise be destroyed

The Convention on Biological Diversity has goals that ________.

include using biodiversity in a sustainable manner

The country of Belize depends on lobster for a major portion of its income, along with fishing and tourism. Over the past 30 years the average size of an individual lobster has dropped, even as increasing numbers of Belizeans buy boats, build lobster traps, and enter the industry. This is an example of ________.

overharvesting

European rabbits were introduced into Australia and quickly spread, reproduced, and became a terrible pest. They eat up to $600 million worth of food and pasture crops annually, and have damaged the populations of many native plants and the populations of animals that eat the plants. Twice in the past 50 years, rabbit diseases have been introduced to try to control the population, with some success. This is a case where ________.

an invasive species has reduced the genetic diversity of indigenous species

In his 2005 book, Richard Louv maintains that today's children _______

suffer psychologically and emotionally from "nature deficit disorder"

Endemic species are ________.

limited to just one location, such as an island

Paleontologists estimate that ________.

99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct

Wildlife in the Serengeti is currently threatened by ________.

plans to build a highway that passes through the park

The introduction of ________ onto the island of Guam has resulted in the extinction of most of the endemic forest bird species on the island.

brown tree snakes

Which of the following activities would violate CITES?

Your friend brings back an ivory chess set that he bought while on safari in Lesotho.

One of the ongoing problems for wild California condors is ________.

that lead shot is still used for hunting, and the lead can build up in a condor's system because condors eat dead animals that have been shot

What do researchers hope to accomplish by performing genetic analyses on confiscated ivory?

They hope to determine where the elephants were poached.

Fire history in an open pine woodland ecosystem would be best determined by ________.

tree ring burn marks

The first national park was ________.

Question 76 options:

Yellowstone

Land trusts are ________.

private nonprofit groups

Where will you find epiphytes growing?

beneath a tree

Deforestation ________.

has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions

Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging?

They do not want to hinder economic development.

Which of the following is a consequence of clearing forests for agriculture purposes?

Soil erosion increases because the tree roots and other vegetation that stabilize the soil have been removed.

This figure shows annual totals for area burned by wildfires in the U.S. from 1983 to 2015. Which of the following accounts for the trend shown?

Fire suppression has resulted in an accumulation of kindling for larger and more catastrophic wildfires during dry years.

________ are federal lands that are off-limits to development but are open to hiking, nature study, and other low-impact public recreational activities.

Wilderness areas

Second-growth forests _______

are forests that establish themselves after old-growth timber has been removed

Many environmental advocates believe that biofuel made from palm oil is NOT an appropriate replacement for fossil fuels such as petroleum because ________.

tropical forests must be cleared to plant oil palms

Which area labeled on the map is experiencing the highest rate of deforestation?

B south america

Prescribed burns would be used in forests ________.

that are subject to severe wildfires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth

"Edge effects" are a problem particularly when ________.

formerly large habitats are reduced to small fragments

The "roadless rule" ________.

prohibits road construction within national parks

Wolves are considered _______________ in the ecosystems where they live.

Keystone species

Wolves have long, closely set legs that follow in the same tracks and large paws for walking in the snow. This is an ______________ which allows them to be better suited to thier environment.

adaptation

What is the correct order in which wolves influence rivers in Yellowstone National Park?

Wolves eat elk - elk graze less on Willows - willows grow more along the riverbank - soil does not erode - rivers return to their healthy natural state

When were wolves first introduced in the United States and where?

Gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park

What is one of the unique things about red wolves in NC?

They are the all American wolf, not found in any other country

Why did wolves disappear from the landscape in the first half of the 20th century?

they were actively persecuted by the US government and hunted to near extinction

Policy changes have a large influence on the survival of species and red wolves are no different. What policy change in 2013 resulted in and increase in the number of red wolves being killed by gunshot?

the state of NC allowed coyote hunting at night and people easily mistake red wolves for coyotes.