The Roaring 20s & The Great Depression Flashcards

Flashcards covering the key concepts of Unit 11: The Roaring 20s & The Great Depression.

Immigration Act of 1918

An Act that was designed to deny entry and deport immigrants who are anarchists or advocates of anti-government ideas. It also led to deportation of immigrants discovered to have harbored anti-government ideals and five-year imprisonment for immigrants returning after deportation for anarchist ideas.

Immigration Act of 1924

An Act that restricted the influx of immigrants to 165,000, barring those ineligible for citizenship and allocating immigration quotas based on 2% of each nationality from the 1890 census.

The First Red Scare

A period of intense fear in America fueled by bombings, labor unrest, racial violence, and the perception of Bolshevik-inspired revolution.

Galleanisti Bombings (1919)

Bombings in April 1919 where 36 bombs of dynamite and acid were mailed to prominent public figures, followed by simultaneous detonations in 8 cities in June 1919.

Palmer Raids (1919-1920)

Raids conducted between 1919-1920, leading to the arrest of immigrants (mostly Russian) and deportations without trial, conducted in 33 cities. These included detentions, arrests without due process, and deportations.

The Great Migration (1910-1930)

The movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the North, motivated by escape from racial discrimination, ruined cotton crops, and industrial job opportunities.

Racial Unrest

Overcrowding and intensified racial tension in northern cities due to new migrants, resulting in segregation, discriminatory lending practices, strikebreaking roles, and labor competition, leading to race riots.

Tulsa, OK Race Massacre (1921)

Massacre that took place in 1921, where the affluent African American community known as "Black Wall Street" was destroyed and many African Americans were killed.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

An organization that took advantage of racial tensions and anti-immigrant sentiments. They used violence against Black Americans, opposed Unions, and drove people out of the country.

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Anti-Defamation League, “Back to Africa Movement” (Marcus Garvey)

Organizations that were founded to protect constitutional rights, fight anti-Semitism, abolish segregation, and promote black pride and economic independence.

Post-War Culture

Era marked by pro-business presidents who minimized government involvement, implementing high tariffs and reducing income taxes.

Consumerism in the 1920s

Takes hold as people have more money to spend and utilize installment plans to buy items on credit.

Auto Industry

The biggest success of the 1920s. It led by Henry Ford with his production of the Model T.

Things spurred by the rise of the Automobile

Roads, houses (driveway, garage), gas stations, repair shops, public garages, motels, tourist camps, shopping centers

Electrical Appliances

Tools that allowed women more free time and opportunity to work outside the home

Flappers

Liberated women who embraced new fashions and the urban attitude were known as…

Newspapers and magazines

Mediums that shaped cultural norms and sparked fads during the youth culture boom.

Radio

The most powerful communication medium. Transmitted news, sports, music, messages, and speeches.

Sports Stars that became heroes in the Golden Age of American Sports

Gertrude Ederle, Babe Ruth, Red Grange

Popular Culture

Playwrights and artists focused on American society, culture, and reality

Jazz Music

Born in New Orleans, blended instrumental ragtime and vocal blues and became the most popular music for dancing

Harlem Renaissance

Saw vibrant African American communities in the North, produced important of poets and writers. Prominent community was Harlem in New York City

Darwin’s theory of evolution

Led to laws forbidding the teaching of anything but divine creation in school

18th Amendment (1919)

Banned the manufacturing, sale, and importation of intoxicating beverages.

21st Amendment (1933)

Repeals Prohibition

Causes of the Stock Market Crash

Over speculation, excessive expansion of credit, bankruptcies of failing businesses, investing bank deposits in the stock market

Consequences of the Stock Market Crash

Bank Runs, No new investments were able to be made

Urban America during the Great Depression

System collapsed, Demand for goods declines, Wages slashed, labor unions become militant, Unemployment rises, Homelessness increased—creation of Hoovervilles

Rural America during the Great Depression

Foreclosure on farms, Farmers threatened armed resistance, Dust Bowl, Farmers forced to leave their land and migrate to places like California

Depression Culture

People used mass media to escape from life

Famous People during the Great Depression

Desperadoes like John Dillinger and Bonnie and Clyde captivated America—and gave the FBI (led by J. Edgar Hoover) much power and authority

FDR's First Act as President

Declared a bank holiday, Prevented frantic depositors from withdrawing their life savings, Sound banks reopened, merged with unsound banks

FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Established federal insurance for deposits and inspections of banks

Elenore and FDR

Formed a “black cabinet” which included African American advisors

AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Act

Offered price supports and limited production

WPA: Works Progress Administration

Provided jobs for unemployed

CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps

Sons of unemployed to work in forests and national parks

Social Security Act (1935)

Created old age, disability, and survivor pensions by a payroll tax on employers and employees

F.D.R’s New Deal

Programs influenced the public’s belief in the government to deliver public services, intervene in the economy, and promote welfare among its people.