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Powers of the state government
Makes their policies considering the needs of their respective states
The union government can’t take away the powers of the state government without their consent, nor can it interfere in its affairs
Division of power:
Union list, State list, and Concurrent list (that contain the details of these powers)
Union list
- subjects of national importance like defence, external affairs, currency, railways, communication, banking, post, and telegraph
State list
- subjects like maintaining law and order in the state, police, health, transport, land policies, etc, on which only the state can make laws
In emergencies, laws on state subject can be made by the central. government
Concurrent list
- subjects like education, forests, electricity, labour welfare, etc.
Both central and state government are empowered to legislate on these subjects
State legislature:
The state legislature makes the laws at state level
May be unicameral or bicameral
Bicameral legislature has two houses
- legislative council (vidhan parishad) and legislative assembly (vidhan sabha
Unicameral legislature has one house
- legislative assembly (vidhan sabha)
Legislative assembly (vidhan sabha)
Represents the entire population of the state
Consists of the representatives directly elected by people
These representatives - MLA’s (Members of Legislative Assembly)
Total members of vidhan sabha - less than 500 and more than 60
Qualifications for becoming an MLA
They should be a citizen of India
They should be above the age of 25
They shouldn’t hold any office of profit under the Government of India or any state government
They should have a sound mental health
Term of an MLA
Five years
The governor can dissolve the assembly before the term ends
Officers
MLA’s elect a speaker and a deputy speaker from themselves
These two hold office as long as the house remains
The speaker conducts the proceedings of the assembly
In the absence of the speaker, the deputy speaker takes his/her spot
Powers and functions of the Vidhan Sabha
Legislative powers
Financial powers
Control over the council of ministers
Legislative powers
- Empowered to make laws pertaining to the subjects mentioned in the state and concurrent list
Financial powers
- Passing of state budgets, money bills, permission for levying taxes, and fixing salaries of the MLA’s
Control over the council of ministers
- MLA’s can ask questions, point out problems, and a ‘no confidence motion’ against the council and ask them to resign
Strength should not be more than 1/3rd the size of the vidhan sabha
The members of legislative councils are representatives of the local self-governing bodies, teachers, and university graduates
1/3rd of its members are elected by the state assembly
Some are nominated by the governor
Qualifications for membership
They should be a citizen of India
They should be above the age of 30
They shouldn’t hold any office of profit under the Government of India or any state government
They should have a sound mental health
Term
Can’t be dissolved and a permanent body
1/3rd of its members retire every two years and are replaced by newly elected members
Every member has a term of 6 years
Officers
The legislative council elects a chairman and a deputy chairman to preside over the working of the council
Powers and function of the legislative council
Approves the bill
Put questions to the ministers and initiate a discussion on various issues
The governor is the head of the state
Actual responsibility is of the chief minister and his council of ministers
Generally for one state, but can be the head for more than one state
Qualifications
They should be a citizen of India
They must be above the age of 35
They must not be a member of any of the two houses of Parliament or of state legislature
They must not hold any government office
Appointment
Appointed by the president for a term of five years
The president may remove them
Functions and powers of the governor
Executive powers
Discretionary powers
Legislative powers
Financial powers
Judicial powers
Executive powers
- Appoints the chief minister, other ministers are appointed by the governor with the adivise of the chief minister. They can also appoint other top level officials like advocate general and members of state
Discretionary powers
- The governor can work on his/her own when needed
Legislative powers
- Every bill passed should be his approval, and he can issue an ordinance that becomes equivalent to a law
Financial powers
- No money bill or the annual budget can be introduced without his permission
Judicial powers
- He can grant pardon or reduce the punishment of people convicted under the state law
Powers and functions of the chief minister
To direct the ministry and determine its policies
To supervise the administration of the state
To allocate, reallocate or take back portfolios from his/her ministers
To coordinate the working of various ministers
Powers and functions of the Council of ministers
To introduce necessary bills in the assembly and gets the approved