Ch 8 The Market Revolution

How did the Industrial Revolution change American society?

Urbanization people left farmers & moved to overcrowded cities to work factories, caused big shift in the way people lived

Identify some of the factors that helped develop or create a market economy in the US during the first half of the 19th century

Progress of faster/efficient manufacturing, transportation, communication networks within the US

How were innovative developments such as national roads, steamboats, canals & railroad systems became important to the US?

Improve transportation & efficiency trade commerce & to expand from East to West

Describe the impact and location of the Erie Canal

Connects East coast with Mid West economies & turning New York into major international commercial trading center

Aside from transportation, what other way did the transportation system such as the railroad systems such as the railroad system improve the US during the mid-1800?

Created first big businesses, large employers & grow US economy

Who invented the telegraph system and what impact did it have on the US

Morse, allowed faster/instant, long distance communication, helped US economy

How did the Industrial Revolution forever change how goods/products will be manufactured?

US transitioned from home (cottage) into factories (manufacturing)

What was Eli Whitney’s 1793 invention and how would it affect the Southern economy and their society?

Cotton gin, made production fast & easier to process cotton, which increased slavery profit

What effect did the mechanical seeders and mechanical reapers developed by Cyrus McCormick have during the mid-1800’s?

Led to growth of large scale commercial agriculture industries from the Midwest

With agriculture innovations emerging in the south during the 19th century and what effect would it have on the Northeast?

Textile factories would dominate major Northeast cities

What were the Lowell mills and identify the major problem that they had during the mid-1800’s?

Massive textile factories communites forced women & children to work in harsh conditions

Why was the United States experiencing a rise in European immigrants after 1837 and how would businesses take advantage?

Global economic decline & utilize immigrants for cheap labor

With slave labor being utilized in the South, why would Southerners hire Irish immigrants?

Used for dangerous jobs because felt slaves are valuable & didn’t want to loos money

What social contributions did the immigrants bring to the United States?

Religous: Catholic, Jews, Protestant, plants, & German invented Levi’s

Why did the Irish, Chinese & Germans migrate to America during the Industrial Revolution?

Irish: Escape Potato famine Germany: Worked in skilled/farm jobs Chinese: Gold boom in California

What is a nativist? How would they enter politics in the US?

America strongly opposing immigrants into US & to prevent Catholic immigrants from entering country

What caused the decline of self-employed craftsmen during the mid-19th century?

Increase of factories mills & couldn’t compete with their production/price

During the 1820-the 30’s, what was the purpose of labor organizations in the Unites States, and whom did they represent?

Working unions fought for factory worker, skilled craftsmen & artisans because dangerous/unfair work conditions

In the early 1800’s how would a person get into the medical field or become a physician?

Self-taught or had assisted physician

What did Elizabeth Blackwell accomplish that wasn’t common for her era and what was her political view?

First women to get a medical degree, but still felt women had no right to vote

Describe the developing societal view of equality in a market economy

Everyone should have equal opportunities to advance through abilities/hardwork