Lecture on Nonsporeforming Bacilli and Spore-Forming Pathogens

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to nonsporeforming bacilli and spore-forming pathogens, including their characteristics, diseases, treatments, and prevention strategies.

What are the primary characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes?

It is a psychrophile that can grow in cold temperatures, resistant to cold, heat, salt, and pH extremes, and primarily transmitted through contaminated food.

What disease does Listeria monocytogenes cause?

Listeriosis, which presents with nonspecific symptoms like fever, diarrhea, and sore throat, especially in pregnant women.

What is the main complication associated with Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

The development of a pseudomembrane in the pharynx, which can lead to airway obstruction.

What vaccine prevents Diphtheria?

The DPT vaccine.

What are endospores and their significance in Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli?

Endospores are dense survival units that provide resistance to heat, drying, and chemicals, facilitating survival and pathogenicity.

Name a virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis.

Polypeptide capsule and exotoxins.

What are the three types of anthrax?

Cutaneous anthrax, pulmonary anthrax, and gastrointestinal anthrax.

What is the treatment for Clostridium perfringens causing gas gangrene?

Debridement, antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

What toxin does Clostridium tetani produce, and what is its effect?

Tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin that causes muscle contractions leading to tetanus.

What are the main symptoms of botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum?

Paralysis of muscles due to the neurotoxin that interferes with acetylcholine release.

What is a key approach in the management of tuberculosis?

A combination therapy involving at least two antibiotics over 6-24 months.

What is the primary mode of transmission for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Respiratory droplets.

What are the two major forms of leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae?

Tuberculoid leprosy (paucibacillary) and lepromatous leprosy (multibacillary).

What is the prevention strategy for leprosy?

Constant surveillance of high-risk populations, although no definitive vaccine exists.

What is the mode of transmission for Bacillus cereus?

Ingestion.

What is the main clinical presentation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection?

A pseudomembrane in the throat leading to respiratory distress.

How is Clostridium difficile associated with antibiotic use?

It can cause antibiotic-associated colitis when broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt normal intestinal flora.

What feature makes Mycobacterium tuberculosis unique in terms of diagnosis?

It is acid-fast due to the presence of mycolic acid.