Unit 4 Advanced Bio Vocab

Hematocrit

• Percentage of blood that is red cells/living cells, is about 45% of blood

• Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Leukocytes

• White blood cells

• Function: To protect against diseases

Thrombocytes

• Platelets

• Function: Stoppage of bleeding

Plasma

• Fluid extracellular matrix

• A mixture of substances (proteins, waste, electrolytes, etc.) dissolved/suspended in water

Colony-stimulating factors

• Hormone group that stimulates red bone marrow to produce white blood cells

thrombopoietin

• Hormone that stimulates megakaryocytes and therefore platelets

Hematopoietic stem cells

• Immature cells found in the bone marrow that develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Interleukins

• A group of cytokines (protein messengers) released by white blood cells that control the activity and production of other white blood cells

Serotonin

• Chemical released by platelets that stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in an injured blood vessel wall, reducing blood flow. (Reducing blood loss during clot formation)

Megakaryocytes

• Large cells in red bone marrow that produce platelets, essential for blood clotting

Granulocytes

• A white blood cell with granules in its cytoplasm

• Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil

Albumins

• 60% of proteins found in plasma

• Smallest protein

• Function:

  • Maintains osmotic pressure (keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels)

  • Transports substances (hormones, vitamins, fatty acids, etc.)

Erythrocytes

• Red blood cells

• Disc-shaped cell produced in the bone marrow that transports oxygen

Agranulocytes

• White blood cells with a lack of granules in their cytoplasm

• Lymphocytes, monocytes

Globulins

• 36% of proteins found in plasma

• 3 kinds: alpha, beta, gamma

  • Alpha & beta: transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins

  • Gamma: Antibodies that fight infections

Hemoglobin

• Iron containing protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood its color

Neutrophils

• Granulocyte white blood cells

• First WBC to arrive at the site of an infection

• Function: Phagocytize bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. Kills bacteria by creating a respiratory burst (toxic chemical cloud)

• 62% of WBC

Fibrinogen

• A plasma protein that plays a key role in blood clotting and coagulation

• Factor I

• Produced in the liver

• Extrinsic and intrinsic clotting mechanisms

hypoxia

Eosinophils

• Granulocyte white blood cells

• Functions:

  • Controls inflammation and moderates allergic reactions

  • Protects against parasitic worm infection

• 1-3% of WBC

edema

cyanotic

Basophils

• Granulocyte white blood cells

• Function: Migrates to damaged tissue and releases histamine (promotes inflammation) and heparin (prevents clotting)

• Less than 1% of WBC

Universal donor

erythropoiesis

Monocytes

Universal recipient

Erythropoietin

Lymphocytes

antigens

anemia

Diapedesis

Antibodies

bilirubin

Thrombin

agglutination

Hemostasis

Leukocytosis

Embolus

Coagulation

Leukopenia

Thrombus

Extrinsic clotting mechanism

Hageman factor (factor VII)

embolism

Intrinsic clotting mechanism

Serum

Thromboplastin (factor III)

fibrin

Platelet derived growth factor