Forest issues and policys

Local issue

Small geographical area

Regional Issue

Much larger area

National issue

effecting most of a country

Issue

an important topic for debate or discussion

Policy

Principle of action or proposed by the government, party, business, or individual design to resolve and issue

Is monitoring required

Yes, to see if the proposed policy works

Resolution Process

Identify, Understand, Develop policy, Implement, Monitor

Non-native invasive species (NNIS) cause

Foreign travel, International Trade

NNIS effect on ecosystems

change ecological trajectories, reduce productivity, effects threatened species

Federal Executive order 2-8-1999 meaning

federal agents must minimize ecological, economic, and human effects from NNIS

Federal Executive order 2-8-1999 job

Prevent NNIS from being introduced and control current NNIS

ecological risk assessment

Evaluated the likelihood that adverse ecological effects may occur or are occurring as a result of exposure to stressors

ecological assessment has 7 parts

Problem Formulation, analysis, risk characterization, communicating results, Decision, and Monitoring

NEPA

National Environmental Policy Act

Why was NEPA made

to ensure the public could could receive information and give opinions if they didnt like a decision

NEPA has 3 levels or analysis

Categorial exclusions, Environmental analysis, environmental impact statements

CE definition

Categorial exclusions, Lowest level of NEPA

EA definition

Environmental analysis, mid level, used to see if EIS is needed

environmental analysis info

6-18 month process, 100 pages long

EIS definition

Environmental impact statement, Large scale with significant effects

Can the public litigate any NEPA project

yes

Evolutionary record

only species that adapt to their changing environment survive

Forestry

art, practice, science, and business of managing forested landscapes

Timber mining

Intentionally harvesting non-renewable forests, not sustainable

Adaptive management

Using the best information you currently have to make a decision then altering if more info comes to light

Frequency

Disturbance is beneficial

Scale

sufficient size to get desired effect

Severity

Must be severe enough to get desired effect

Balance of Nature

If unaffected by man nature is stable and will stay unchanged, false

global consequences of land use why

Man is manipulating our environment to meet our needs

HIPPO

Habitat destruction, Invasive species, Pollution, population, over exploitation of resources

Habitat destruction

When a natural habitat is unable to function and support the species present

two reasons for habitat destruction

Agriculture intensification, urbanization

Agricultural Intensification problems

Irrigation, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Monocultures

Urbanization

Land conversion to a non-reversible use

NNIS introduction in US has grown, Why?

Foreign travel, International trade, Human development

Pollution

Introduction of contaminates and hazardous substances into an environment that causes instability or harm

land use effects on freshwater

Runoff, water quality, reduced flow

Type of air pollutants

Chemical and Radioactive

Human sources of pollution

Power plants, Paint, Landfills

Number 1 stressor on the environment

population growth

Global Warming impacts

Rising sea level, change in forest type

Global Warming causes

fossil fuels, Climate cycle, no clear cause

3 things to maintain ecosystems

Frequency, scale, severity