Unit 4 Vocabulary APHG

Unit 4 Vocabulary for Advanced Placement Human Geography

Landlocked State

A state without coastline access to oceans.

Microstate

A very small sovereign state, often city-sized.

Perforated State

A state that completely surrounds another state.

Prorupted State

A state with a long, narrow extension.

Relic Boundary

A boundary that no longer functions but remains.

Subsequent Boundary

A boundary established after cultural landscape formation.

Superimposed Boundary

A boundary imposed without regard to existing cultures.

State

A politically organized territory with a government.

Terrorism

Use of violence to achieve political goals.

Unitary State

A state governed as a single entity.

Supranational Organization

An organization transcending national boundaries for cooperation.

Territoriality

The connection of people to a specific territory.

Stateless Nation

A nation without a recognized sovereign state.

Redistricting

Redrawing electoral district boundaries for representation.

Reappointment

Redistributing legislative seats based on population changes.

Neocolonialism

Economic control over developing countries by foreign powers.

Irredentism

Political movement to reclaim lost territory.

Geometric Boundary

A boundary defined by straight lines or arcs.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Maritime zone extending 200 nautical miles from coast.

Consequent Boundary

A boundary reflecting cultural or social differences.

Chokepoint

A strategic narrow passage controlling movement.

Electoral College

System for electing the U.S. president.

Economies of Scale

Cost advantages due to increased production.

Multi-State Nation

A nation spread across multiple states.

Democratization

The transition to a more democratic political regime.

Balkanization

Fragmentation of a region into smaller units.

Balkanized

Describes a region divided into hostile groups.

Centrifugal Force

Forces that divide a state or nation.

Centripetal Force

Forces that unify a state or nation.

Ethnic Cleansing

Removal of an ethnic group from a territory.

Ethnicity

Shared cultural identity based on common traits.

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a particular group.

Multi-Ethnic State

A state containing multiple ethnic groups.

Multinational State

A state with multiple nations within its borders.

Nationalism

Strong identification with one's nation or culture.

Nation-State

A state whose territory corresponds to a nation.

Race

Social construct categorizing people based on physical traits.

Self-Determination

The right of people to choose their governance.

Shatterbelt

A region caught between conflicting geopolitical forces.

Sovereignty

Supreme authority within a territory.

Annexation

The formal act of acquiring territory.

Antecedent Boundary

A boundary established before the cultural landscape.

Autonomous

Self-governing; having independence in decision-making.

Semi-Autonomous

Partially self-governing; limited independence.

DMZ

Demilitarized Zone; area free of military forces.

Berlin Conference

1884 meeting to regulate European colonization in Africa.

UN Law of the Sea

International treaty governing maritime rights and responsibilities.

Boundary

A line separating two political or geographical areas.

City-State

A sovereign state consisting of a city and surrounding territory.

Colonialism

Control by one power over a dependent area.

Colony

A territory governed by a foreign power.

Compact State

A state with a roughly circular shape.

Democracy

A system of government by the whole population.

Devolution

The transfer of power from central to local governments.

Elongated State

A state with a long, narrow shape.

Enclave

A territory completely surrounded by another state.

Exclave

A portion of territory separated from the main state.

Federal State

A political entity with multiple governing bodies.

Fragmented State

A state consisting of multiple disconnected pieces.

Frontier

A zone where no state exercises complete political control.

Gerrymandering

Manipulating electoral district boundaries for political advantage.

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power and influence.