Public Policy Process

Agenda setting

issues become priorities for government action due to public concern, media attention, or political advocacy

Policy formulation

lawmakers, interest groups, and experts propose possible solutions. This can include drafting bills, regulations, or executive actions

Policy Adoption

a proposed policy is formally adopted through legislation, executive orders, or court decisions

Policy implementation

Bureaucratic agencies carry out the policy by enforcing laws, issuing regulations, or administering programs

Policy evaluation

policies are assessed for effectiveness, cost, and impact. Evaluation may lead to policy revision, continuation, or repeal