Prevention through Vaccination

The WHO launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in (which year)

1974

in 1974, what percentage of the world’s children were vaccinated against 6 VPDs

< 5%

DTP3 improved from 20% in 1974 to 84% in 2013

immunization marker

We have vaccines for (25)

• some are region specific

• Anthrax

• Measles

• Rubella

• Cholera

• Influenza

• Diphtheria

• Mumps

• Meningococcal disease

• Tetanus

• Hep A, B, and E

• TB

• Pertussis

• Pneumococcal disease

• Typhoid Fever

• Poliomyelitis

• Rabies

• Yellow Fever

• HPV

• Tick-borne encephalitis

• Rotavirus gastroenteritis

• Haemophilus Influenzae type B (HIB)

• Varicella + Herpes Zoster (chickenpox)

• Japanese encephalitis

6 VPD

1. Pneumococcal disease

2. Measles

3. Hib

4. Rotavirus

5. Tetanus

6. Hep B

Basic Pediatric Vaccines (12)

• Initial 6 priorities

  • DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis)

  • Polio

  • BCG

  • MMR (Measles)

• 6 additional priorities

  • Hib

  • MMR (Rubella)

  • Rotavirus

  • HPV

  • PCV (Pneumococcus)

Doses for DTP

2mo

4 mo

6 mo

booster:

18 mo

4-6 yr

common name of pertussis

whooping cough

immunity decreases over time

severe for young children

There is still wild polio transmission in which 3 countries

• Afghanistan

• Pakistan

• Nigeria

Polio: why switching from oral to intramuscular?

avoid vaccine related polio cases

Hib doses

2 mo

4 mo

6 mo

booster:

18 mo

MMR dose

12 mo

booster:

18 mo (some countries)

4-6 yr

a lot of work remains in improving ___________ ___________

vaccine coverage