AP World Unit 0

First civilizations

Developed along rivers with fertile soil from periodic floods- farmers were able to grow a surplus of food, allowing the rise of civilization.

Mesopotamia

The region between the Tigris and Euphrates River; invented the sailboat, irrigation, the wheel, calendar, and bronze.

Egypt

Developed along the Nile River in North Africa; Egyptian society was ruled by a powerful pharaoh-built pyramids.

India

The Indus River deposited rich soil over the neighboring plain.

China

China's first civilization emerged in the fertile plains along the Huang He.

Neolithic Revolution

Occurred in the Middle East 10,000 years ago-people saw they could obtain food by planting seeds.

Food Surpluses

People began to change from hunters and gatherers to producers of food.

Domestication of Animal

People learned to domesticate animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle.

Settlements

People no longer had to wander in search of food and could now establish settlements with permanent homes.

Judaism

The religion of the ancient Hebrews-began in the ancient lands known as Israel- Moses led Jews out of Egyptian slavery.

Monotheism

Belief in one God-Judaism is the first religion to teach this.

Old Testament

History of Jewish people told in the first book of the bible-the Old Testament.

Ten Commandments

Established a moral code of conduct: emphasizes living justly; belief in one God; honoring one's parents not killing or stealing.

Persian Civilization

Persian Empire united by Cyprus the Great- his son,Darius built several connected cities and introduced a uniform set of weights and measures

Persian achievements: use of coins, introduced money economy system, created postal serviceand roads to unify empire

Zoroastrianism

Religion based on Zoroaster- taught there were two gods: light and goodness, and darkness and evil.

Persian Accomplishments

Learned to use coins, moving from barter system to a money economy; built hundreds of roads to unify economy; established a postal service.

Golden age of Greek culture

The Greek enjoyed great prosperity and made significant achievements in art, literature and philosophy during this period.

Philosophers

Athenians believed human reason was powerful enough to understand the world and solve problems-Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, questioned nature and life.

Architecture

Athens created statues and buildings of perfect proportions.

Parthenon

Temple to goddess Athena-High point of Greek architecture.

Aryans

Came to India around 1500 B.C- created city-states in major river valleys; developed Sanskrit writing form; introduced Hinduism to India;new social order developed-caste system.

Mauryan Empire

Asoka allowed all religion in India-built roads and hospitals.

Gupta Empire

Ushered in a " Golden Age of Hindu Culture."-advanced concepts of zero, decimal system-used today

Zhou Dynasty

Believed their was in power due to the Mandate of Heaven.

Qin Dynasty

Shi Huang-ti-first emperor of China-unified China under his rule-Built the Great Wall of China

Han Dynasty

Kept China unified for the next 400 years-selected officials based on examinations-expanded trade through the Silk Road

City-States

Mountains cut off centers off centers of population from each other-led to the development of separate city-states.

Sparta

A city state that was military in nature-life was organized around military needs. At an early age, males were taught to be strong soldiers serving the state.

Athens

Developed world's first democracy, but women, foreigners and slaves were not citizens and could not take part in Athenian government.

Rome

Built on fertile plain in the middle of Italy

Roman Republic

A republic has a system of government by elected representatives-Roman society had two main social classes:patricians and plebians.

Twelve Tables

Roman code of laws that stated that citizens were "equal under the law" and "innocent until proven guilty."

Roman Empire

After uniting Italy, Rome defeated Carthage, and spread to Western Europe-Augustus became the first emperor-Christianity gradually spread.

Hinduism

Hindus believe in many gods and goddesses-all are forms of one Supreme being-believed in reincarnation-being reborn in a new form after death, based on deeds done in past life.

Buddhism

Behan in Indian around 500 B.C-Siddhartha Gautama(Buddha)-rich prince who set off in search of truth. Beliefs-self denial and meditation;one must give up selfish desires to find true peace and harmony; Eight-Fold Path-believed in reincarnation.

Confucianism

Confucius established a philosophy followed in China for centuries-stressed kindness, peace, harmony and following the natural order-each person's role in society is due to his/her position in the universe;in every relationship there is a superior and an inferior;a good ruler should govern justly and for the benefit of his subject.

The Neolithic Revolution occurred when people discovered how to

Grow food and domesticate animals

Archaeological discoveries suggest

The Sumerians in Mesopotamia invented the sailboat

The river valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, the Nile, and Indus were centers of civilization because they

Had fertile soil, fresh water, and warm climates

What is a major characteristic of Judaism?

belief in a single just and all-powerful God

What was one similarity between the ancient civilizations of Egypt and China?

They both had written form of communication

The Code of Hammurabi was a mojor contribution to the development of civiliztion because it

established written laws

Which society was the first to practice direct democracy?

city-state of Athens

One effect of rugged, mountainous geography on the civilization of ancient Greece was the development of

separate, independent city-states

Roman women could own property and make wills leaving their property to whomever they chose. What conclusion can be made from this statement?

Roman women enjoyed some legal rights.

In what way were the Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables of Rome similar?

They established written legal standards.

How did Italy's geography influence the development of the Roman Empire?

The central location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region.

Which ancient civilization is most closely associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, the invention of concrete, and the spread of Christianity?

Roman

In what way were ancient Egyptian, Hellenistic, and Roman civilizations similar?

They extended their control over other people.

The Roman system of justice is considered a milestone because it

served as a model for many later European legal systems.

Who were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?

philosophers of ancient Greece

Which culture became known for building marble temples with ideal proportions, statues of athletes with ideal features, and the first works of drama and history?

ancient Greece

One way in which the actions of Cyprus the Great and Alexander the Great were similar was that each

conquered neighboring peoples to build vast empires

Which type of geographic feature served as a barrier that protected ancient China but through which Aryans found a route to ancient India?

mountains

Which belief is most closely associated with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama(Buddha)?

People can overcome their selfish desires by following the Eight-fold Path.

Which belief is shared by both Hindus and Buddhists?

The soul is reborn after death.

One way in which Confucian teachings, the Ten Commandments, and the Eight-fold Path in Buddhism were all similar was that they

provided codes for moral behavior

In China, the development of civil service examinations and belief in filial piety reflect the influence

Confucianism

The caste system in India was characterized by

a lack of social mobility

Which accomplishments are most closely associated with the Gupta Empire?

use of the Sanskrit language and development of the concept of zero

Which religion is most closely associated with self-denial, meditation, the "Four Noble Truths", and nirvana?

Buddhism

How were the collapses of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty similar?

Both societies faced pressure from outside invaders.

The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar in that both

developed extensive trade networks