digestion and absorption class 2

simple diffusion

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration; doesn’t require extra energy

osmosis

movement of water from low concentration to high concentration

facilitated diffusion

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration; requires protein carrier and doesn’t require extra energy

active transport

movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration; requires protein carrier and energy

large intestine

The final section of the digestive system where water and electrolytes are absorbed, and feces are formed.

intestinal microbiota function

protection against bad bacteria, immunity, and metabolism to regulate how much we take

probiotic

living bacteria that provide health benefits, particularly to gut health ex:yogurt

prebiotics

food supply to stimulate bacterial growth and activityin the gut, typically found in fiber-rich foods.

causes and consequences of digestive problems

Heart burn, tooth decay, tube feedings, total parenteral nutrition, peptic ulcers

functions of lymphatic system

responsible for maintaining fluid balance, absorbing fats from the digestive system, and facilitating immune responses by transporting lymph and white blood cells.

anabolic pathways

building molecules together for growth and repair

catabolic pathway

breaking down molecules to release energy

bicarbonate

aids digestion by neutralizing stomach acid and helping to break down certain enzymes

bile from liver and gallbladder

stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK)

cholecystokinin (CCK)

stimulates gallbladder contraction and increases feelings of fullness