science test 3

what is the function of the cell membrane

what is the function of the cell membrane

regulates what enters and leaves the cell

what is the function of the cytoskeleton

rigid structure that helps support the cell

what is the function of chloroplasts

where photosynthesis happens, gives the plant cell the green color

what is the function of the flagella

used for movement, long hair like extension form

what is the function of ribosomes

make proteins

what is the function the lysosomes

stores digestive enzymes, the trash can of the cell

what is the function of the nuclear envelope

controls what leaves and enters the nucleus

what is the function of the mitochondria

produces ATP, the powerhouse of the cell

what is the function of the golgi body

flattened sacs where proteins are modified, ships proteins out to the rest of the body

what is the function of the nucleus

control center, contains dna

function of endoplasmic reticulum

system of membranes that moves proteins through cell. can be rough or smooth

function of the cell wall

holds the shape of the plant cell, composed of cellulose

function of cytoplasm

watery material in the cell that contains the organelles

function of vacuole

stores the cell’s waste, water, and organic molecules

function of nucleolus

organelle inside nucleus where ribosomes are made

cell theory

all living things are made of cells, all cells come from other cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function.

what is the difference between diffusion and osmosis

diffusion moves any substance and osmosis moves only water

turgor pressure

the pressure that the water molecules exert on the cell wall

cytolysis

cell swells and bursts

what is diffusion

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

facilitated diffusion

diffusion of solutes through transport proteins

why can’t polar molecules and ions diffuse into the membrane?

because the cell membrane is made out of lipids

carrier proteins

carry the ion or molecule through the membrane by changing its shape

channel protein

forms an open channel or passageway. only allows for water or small ions to diffuse

three main types of passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

three main types of active transport

endocytosis, exocytosis, sodium and potassium pump

how does active transport travel

low to high concentration (against the gradient)

how does passive transport travel

high to low concentration (with the gradient)

endocytosis

moves substances in cell by pinching

what are the two types of endocytosis

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

pinocytosis

engulfs liquid, cell drinks

phagocytosis

cell eats, engulfs solid

exocytosis

vesicle moves to the cell membrane and fuses with it. releases the contents to the external environment

cells with a cell wall will become what in a hypotonic solution?

turgid

what is lysed

animal cell bursts as a result of a hypertonic solution

concentration gradient

the difference between the molecules

most cells subject to what type of diffusion?

osmosis

hypertonic

higher concentration of solutes

hypotonic

contains lower concentration of solutes

isotonic

equal amounts of concentration

what is a result of a hypertonic solution

water diffuses out, cells shrink

plasmolysis

in plant cells, the cell membrane dehydrates and shrinks away from the cell wall

what happens as a result to a hypotonic solution

water diffuses into cell, only causes animal cells to burst

what happens as a result to an isotonic solution

nothing, cell stays the same

what type of solution do animal cells thrive in?

isotonic

what type of solution do plant cells thrive in?

hypotonic

what do active transport need for it to work?

atp and transport/channel protein

when does diffusion end?

when all molecules have reached equilibrium

water will always move from a ___ solute concentration to a _____ solute concentration

low to high

water will always move from a ___ concentration to a _____ concentration

high to low

the head region of the cell membrane is what

hydrophilic

the tail region of the cell membrane is what

hydrophobic

fluid mosaic model

model proposes that integral membrane proteins are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer, and that the membrane is in a constant change, behaving like a fluid, rather than a solid.

other than the phospholipid bilayer, molecules in the cell membrane are

lipids and proteins