Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
19th Century
Era of challenges and response
Period of major changes which affected men and society
6 Important Changes during the 19th Century
Struggle for Nationalism
Gradual Spread of Democracy
Modernization of Living through the Industrial Revolution
Advance of Science
March of Imperialism
New Current in the movement of thought and growing confidence in progress
Nationalism
Feeling of oneness by a group of people who believe that they possess common tradition, culture and common ideas or goals
French Revolution
Put an end to the feudal system and France’s absolute monarchy as well as changed the country’s entire political landscape
American Revolution
Epic political and military struggle of the 13 North American Colonies with the British Imperial Rule
Liberal/Liberalism
A country should be free from domination and that a country should enjoy liberty, equality and opportunity. It should be free from the rule of monarchs and kings
Greece
Gained independence from Turkey in 1830
Norway
Gained independence from Sweden in 1905
Camillo Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garbald
United Italy in 1861
Who united Italy in 1861
Camillo Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garbald
Simon Bolivar
Freed New Granada (Columbia and Panama), Venezuela and Quito, Bolivia and parts of Peru
Jose San Martin
Freed Argentina, Chile, and parts of Peru
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
hardwork → machine work
domestic system → factory system
Improved Transportation and Communication
Laissez-faire Policy
Policy implemented by Liberals to stimulate economic growth (growth of factories) which led to the industrialist becoming richer and the working men poorer
Socialist (Industrial Revolution)
A response to the inequality between the rich and the poor:
The government should own and manage means of production
Should benefit all not only a few people
If capitalists controlled the economy → no democracy
Communist (Industrial Revolution)
From the communist manifesto:
Abolition of private land
Centralization of means of production to State
Abolition of inheritance
Confiscation of property of emigrates and rebels
Catholicism (Industrial Revolution)
by Pope Leo XIII in Reform Novarum
Rights must be religiously respected
Duty of public authority to prevent and punish injury
Poor have special reconsideration in questioning their rights
State has the right to regulate the use of private property
Workers have the right to create a union
Scientific Revolution
led to the rise of empiricism, new inventions and discoveries
during the 19th Century
Modern Imperialism
Conquering new territories for mire raw materials, market for goods, food, surplus of population and investment. Extend control and power to more territories
Growing confidence on progress inspires optimism
Man made considerable progress in the fields of:
Democracy, Education, Science, Public Health, Literature, Music and Art
Reign of King Ferdinand VIII in 1808-1833
Start of political chaos in the country which affected the Philippines through shift in colonial officials. from 1835-1877 there were 50 governor-generals
Secularization in the Philippines
The King of Spain and Pope wanted the the PH parishes to be managed by secular priests mandated by the Council of Trent
Priests from Spain / Regular Priests
established the country’s parishes
part of religious order
Religious Order
Augustinians
Recollects
Jesuits
Franciscans
Dominicans
Secular Priests
Native priests that are part of a particular diocese
Corrupt Colonial Officials
regard the Filipinos as “inferior beings“
Spanish Penal Code
Heavier punishments to Filipinos/Mestizos
Lighter punishment to Spaniards
Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo
Ordered the execution of the GomBurZa
Admiral Jose Malcampo
Good moro fighter but was weak and inept
Gen Fernando Primo de Rivera
Accept bribes from casinos in Manila
Gen Valeriano Weyler
Cruel and corrupt, went to the PH poor and returned a millionaire in Spain
Gov-Gen Camilo de Polavieja
Responsible for the execution of Jose Rizal
Ventura Delos Reyes
Represented the Philippines in Spanish Parliament in drafting the 1812 Constitution
(did not participate in the drafting, only signed then was changed again)
Abolished the Galleon Trade
Maladministration of Justice in the Philippines
COurts of justice were notoriously corrupt
Wealth, skin color and social prestige affects outcome
Justice can easily be delayed
Racial Discrimination
Filipinos called Spaniards “Bangus“
Spaniards called Filipinos “Indio“
Frailocracy
Friars controlled religion and education thereby gaining political power, influence and riches
Polo y Servicios
Compulsory Labor (Polo) to build public buildings and etc..
Guardia Civil
“Police force“
Suppressing bandits but very abusive
Rizal witnessed the discrimination of the Guardia Civil towards Filipinos himself
World trade in the Philippines
1834
High demand for product from the Philippines
sugar, coffee, tobacco and dyestuff
Principalia
Rise of the middle class
Mestizos (Chinese/Spanish) married Filipinos
Has better housing and is able to send their children for higher education
Usually through priesthood and seminars in Manila