Upper Limb

Shoulder/Pectoral Girdle

Shoulder/Pectoral Girdle

- Two bones that encircle the upper part of the chest.

CLAVICLE

– long bone that is curved like an italic letter f.

medially

The clavicle is attached to the sternum ___, it connects the upper extremity to the trunk.

laterally

Clavicle is Attached to the acromion(scapula) ____

Conoid Tubercle

- dull projection posterior-medial part

Trapezoid /line/ ridge

= wide, rough ridge, from conoid tubercle to the lateral end of clavicle.

Sternal end

- medial two third, thickened triangular extremity.

Anterior

- convex/posterior- concave

Subclavius Groove

- shallow grove for subclavius muscles

Scapula

Wide, flat, triangular bone

2nd to the 7 th rib

Posterior-lateral part of the chest, is found at which ribs

Glenoid cavity

- concave, smooth articular oval surface directed forwards and lateral.

Supraglenoid Tubercle

- rough elevation on the upper margin of the glenoid cavity

Infraglenoid tubercle

- rough wide area below the head.

Anterior (costal)

- concave to form the subscapular fossa -subscapularis

Posterior

– slightly convex, unequally divided into two fossae by the SPINE of the scapula.

Supraspinous fossa

–smaller, above the spine

Infraspinous fossa

-larger, concave depression below the spine.

Spine of the scapula/Spinous Process

triangular plate

Acromion

broad, triangular ledge overhanging the glenoid cavity postero-superiorly.

Coracoid process

thick projection, arising from the upper part of the neck and head of scapula.

Humerus

Long bone of the arm. Articulates with the scapula.

Rounded

The Proximal end is

Head

- less hemispherical, directed medially upwards and backwards.

Anatomical Neck

-shallow constriction that surrounds the head, articular capsule is attached.

Surgical neck

constricted part of the shaft below the head and tuberosities.

Greater Tubercle

larger eminence on the superior part of the humerus

Lesser Tubercle

lesser more prominent eminence in the anterior part of the shaft.

Bicipital groove

sep. greater and lesser tuberosity.

Body/ shaft

– cylindrical proximally, compressed anteroposteriorly distally.

Spiral groove

posteriorly, oblique shallow groove running from back of the body, downwards and forward to the front

Deltoid tuberosity

– rough V- shaped elevation, in the antero-lateral part of the surface of the body.

Capitulum

smooth rounded eminence on the lateral part.

Trochlea

broad smooth, pulley-shaped on the medial side.

Radial fossa

shallow depression, above the capitulum – radial head

Coronoid fossa

shallow depression above the trochlea. – coronoid process of the ulna

Olecranon fossa

- larger depression posterior distal end, above the trochlea.

Medial Epicondyle

- more prominent projection medial above the trochlea.

Lateral epicondyle

-smaller projection above the lateral end of the capitulum

ULNA

- Medial and longer bone of the forearm.

Proximal end of ulna

- large irregularly shaped like C.

Olecranon process

– large eminence situated behind the elbow.

coronoid process

- triangular eminence. In front of the shaft, below the olecranon

Radial notch

shallow, smooth articular depression lateral surface of the coronoid process.

Supinator fossa

shallow, triangular depression below the radial notch

Trochlear notch

wide semilunar notch, concavity bounded by the olecranon above and coronoid process below

Styloid process

downward projection from the postero-medial part of the distal end.

Radius

Outer/lateral shorter bone of the forearm

Head of Radius

- cup-shaped disk with shallow articular depression,

Neck of radius

–smooth, constricted portion immediately below the neck

Tuberosity

broad eminence on the medial aspect of the radius just below the neck.

Ulnar notch

concave, smooth articular surface medially located for the head of ulna.

Styloid process

- short, thick downward prolongation of the lateral part.

Navicular( Scaphoid)

- largest of the proximal row  Comma shaped or Boat shaped

Lunate

( half-moon-shaped)

triquetrum/triquetral

(triangular- shaped),pyramid like

Pisiform

-(pea shaped) smallest of the carpal ones.

Trapezium

- saddle shaped.

Trapezoid ( lesser multangular)

wedge-shaped, ( Boot- shaped)

Capitate

largest of the carpal bone, dome shape/

Hamate

Hook-like)

Metacarpals

Five miniature bones, skeleton of the palm

Phalanges

- 14 miniature long bones. Skeleton of the fingers