Geometric Optics + Spherical Reflection

Light

Form of energy travels at speed of 2.99×10^8

Reflection

Bouncing of Light from surface of object

Diffuse Reflection

When light strikes a non-smooth surface; reflected light scattered in all directions

Regular Reflection

If surface that light strikes is silvered + polished smooth then reflected as as single beam

Normal

Line/Vector perpendicular to a surface

1st Law of Light Reflection

Incident Ray, Normal at Incidence, Reflected Ray all lie on the same plane

2nd Law of Light Reflection

Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection (i=r)

Virtual Image

Image formed by the apparent intersection of Rays; can’t be formed on a screen

Lateral Inversion

Image of right hand in a plane mirror is a left hand

Parallax

Apparent movement of one object relative to another due to the motion of the observer. The object which is further away appears to move with the observer

Concave; Ray strikes pole

Ray reflected back on the other side of the axis with refl ang = inc ang

Concave; Ray passes through Centre of Curvature

Reflected back along its own path

Concave; Ray parallel to axis

Ray passes through focus after reflection

Concave; Ray that passes through focus

Ray comes out parallel to axis

Real Image

Image formed by actual intersection of rays; can be formed on a screen.

Real Image; Concave; Where is source? How looks?

Object’s outside focus, Image is inverted + in front of mirror

Virtual Image; Concave; Where is source? How looks?

Object inside/at focus, Image upright/erect, magnified + behind mirror

Convex; Ray strikes pole

Reflected at equal angle w axis

Convex; Ray heading for centre of curvature

Reflected back along its own path

Convex; Ray heading for fuces

Reflected parallel to axis

Convex Image Nature

Virtual, Upright, Diminished, Behind Mirror