The Scope of Anthropology

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28 Terms

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Four-Field Approach

A comprehensive method in anthropology that includes Cultural Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistic Anthropology, and Biological Anthropology.

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Cultural Anthropology

The study of living human cultures and their practices.

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Ethnography

The recording and analysis of a culture, often through immersive fieldwork.

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Fieldwork

The process of collecting information about a culture through direct engagement and observation.

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Participant Observation

A key method in anthropology where researchers live among and engage with a culture to gather information.

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Interviewing

A method of collecting data through one-on-one meetings and asking questions.

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Focus Groups

A method of interviewing multiple people at once to gather diverse perspectives.

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Genealogies

The study of family and kinship practices within a culture.

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Life Histories

An in-depth examination of an individual's life experiences within a cultural context.

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Archaeology

The study of past cultures through their material remains and artifacts.

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Excavation

The process of digging below the earth's surface to uncover artifacts and understand past cultures.

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Fossils and Artifacts

Physical remains that provide tangible evidence of past human behavior and cultures.

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Prehistoric Archaeology

The study of human behavior before written records existed.

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Historic Archaeology

The exploration of more recent past cultures using both oral and written records alongside physical remains.

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Linguistic Anthropology

The study of human language and its impact on culture and communication.

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Code-Switching

The practice of changing language or speech style based on the social context or environment.

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Historical Linguists

Specialists who study how languages evolve over time and across cultures.

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Sociolinguists

Researchers who examine how language variation relates to social factors like gender, race, and class.

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Descriptive Linguists

Linguists focused on recording and preserving languages in a globalized world.

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Biological Anthropology

The study of human origins, biological diversity, and the evolution of Homo sapiens.

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Primatology

The study of living nonhuman primates to understand human biology and social life.

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Paleoanthropology

The study of human evolution through the fossil record.

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Forensic Anthropology

The application of anthropology to identify victims and determine causes of death in legal contexts.

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Applied Anthropology

The use of anthropological findings to address practical problems in various sectors like health and education.

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Medical Anthropology

The study of health, nutrition, and cultural beliefs affecting health practices.

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Development Anthropology

The application of anthropological insights to adapt projects to community needs.

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Educational Anthropology

The examination of learning and teaching issues within cultural contexts.

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Corporate Anthropology

Advising businesses on intercultural communication to enhance understanding in global settings.