Transport and Translocation of Water and Solutes

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/59

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

60 Terms

1
New cards

Plasma Membrane

Separates plant cells from the environment

2
New cards

Turgor Pressure

Regulates pressure within plant cells

3
New cards

Phospholipid Bilayer

Structure of cell membranes composed of hydrophilic heads and fatty acid tails

4
New cards

Membrane Potential

Charge gradient maintained by electrogenic pumps

5
New cards

Electrogenic Pumps

ATPases that create charge gradients by pumping out protons

6
New cards

Ion Homeostasis

Balancing ion concentrations within plant cells

7
New cards

Passive Transport

Movement down an electrochemical gradient

8
New cards

Active Transport

Movement against an electrochemical gradient

9
New cards

Electrochemical Potential

Dictates passive and active transport based on concentration and charge

10
New cards

Channels

Transmembrane proteins for fast, unidirectional ion transport

11
New cards

Carriers

Proteins that bind and transport specific organic compounds

12
New cards

Pumps

Active transporters that move molecules against gradients

13
New cards

Aquaporins

Integral membrane proteins facilitating water movement

14
New cards

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport aided by carrier proteins

15
New cards

Primary Active Transport

Energy-requiring transport against gradients

16
New cards

Secondary Active Transport

Coupling uphill transport with downhill transport

17
New cards

Symport

Transport where substances move in the same direction

18
New cards

Antiport

Transport where substances move in opposite directions

19
New cards

ABC Transporters

Superfamily using ATP to transport molecules across membranes

20
New cards

Facilitated diffusion

Passive transport through carriers specialized for specific organic compounds

21
New cards

Active transport

Primary: Uphill transport coupled with energy release; Secondary: Uphill molecule with downhill another

22
New cards

ABC transporters

Superfamily with ATP binding domains driving conformational changes for molecule transport

23
New cards

Vacuole

Plant cell organelle maintaining turgor pressure, storing substances, and supporting structures

24
New cards

Tonoplast

Vacuolar membrane containing water, ions, and enzymes

25
New cards

Turgor pressure

Pressure from vacuoles providing structural rigidity to plants

26
New cards

Ion homeostasis

Maintenance of ion balance in plant cells through transporters and channels

27
New cards

Plasmodesmata

Channels connecting plant cells for intercellular transport

28
New cards

Casparian strip

Forcing ions from root apoplast to symplast in root cells

29
New cards

Xylem loading

Active transport of ions into xylem for long-distance transport

30
New cards

Translocation

Movement of molecules and ions within plants controlled by cellular membranes

31
New cards

Phloem transport

Specialized process redistributing photosynthesis products and organic compounds

32
New cards

Sources and sinks

Regions in plants producing and utilizing photosynthates for growth and metabolism

33
New cards

Vascular tissue

System in plants for transporting sugars and nutrients to growing parts

34
New cards

Sink

Organs that do not produce enough photoassimilate to meet their own needs, e.g., roots, tubers.

35
New cards

Source

Organs that produce photoassimilate for transport, e.g., developing apex.

36
New cards

Beta maritima

Wild beet root acts as a sink in the first growing season and as a source in the second season.

37
New cards

Sucrose

Most common sugar transported in phloem, made up of glucose and fructose.

38
New cards

D-Mannitol

Mobile sugar in phloem, containing sucrose bound to varying numbers of galactose units.

39
New cards

Osmotic Effect

Tied to the number of particles in solution, influencing energy transport in plants.

40
New cards

Invertase

Enzyme breaking down sucrose, unlikely present in phloem sieve tubes.

41
New cards

Companion Cells

Provide energy for sieve elements, involved in transport of photosynthesis products.

42
New cards

Symplastic Transport

Movement of sugars via cytoplasmic connections between cells.

43
New cards

Callose

Long-term protective mechanism in phloem, sealing off damaged sieve elements.

44
New cards

Pressure-Flow Model

Theory explaining phloem transport driven by osmotically generated pressure gradient.

45
New cards

Bulk Flow

Movement of water in phloem driven by pressure gradient, transporting solutes.

46
New cards

Triose Phosphate

Compound formed from photosynthesis, crucial for phloem loading.

47
New cards

Sieve Element Loading

Process where sugars are transported into sieve elements and companion cells.

48
New cards

Phloem Unloading

Process of sugars leaving sieve elements, transported to sink cells for storage or metabolism.

49
New cards

Apoplastic Pathway

Phloem loading requiring active transport against chemical potential gradient.

50
New cards

Symplastic Phloem Loading

Dependent on open plasmodesmata between cells, facilitating sugar transport.

51
New cards

P Proteins

Short-term protective mechanism in phloem, sealing damaged sieve elements.

52
New cards

Phloem Velocity

Rapid movement of materials in phloem, averaging 1 meter per hour.

53
New cards

Phloem Structure

Comprised of sieve elements and companion cells, conducting sugars and amino acids.

54
New cards

Phloem Transport Cells

Living cells specialized for phloem transport, forming continuous tubes.

55
New cards

Phloem Transport Pathway

Conducting sugars and organic materials throughout the plant in the phloem.

56
New cards

Phloem Loading Process

Involves active loading of sugars into sieve elements and companion cells.

57
New cards

Phloem Unloading Process

Involves sugars leaving sieve elements and being transported to sink cells for storage or metabolism.

58
New cards

Phloem Protective Mechanisms

Include P proteins and callose, sealing off damaged sieve elements.

59
New cards

Phloem Transport Mechanism

Driven by pressure gradient, allowing for rapid movement of materials.

60
New cards

Phloem Transport Rate

Movement in the phloem is rapid, well exceeding rates of diffusion.