lipids

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/17

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

18 Terms

1
New cards

why do we need lipids

major energy storage system - extra energy digested gets converted to fat

also used to cushion organs and bones, insulate, make cell membranes, make hormones and vitamins that help in biological processes

some needed to maintain healthy hair, skin and nails

2
New cards

what are lipids

contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

vary in structure - many are insoluble in water because they lack polar groups (hydrophobic)

3
New cards

fats and oils

made up of fatty acids - long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end

because the carboxyl group is a polar group, fatty acids are insoluble in water

4
New cards

saturated fatty acids

have double bonds between their carbon atoms

5
New cards

unsaturated fatty acids

have double bonds in the carbon chain where there are less than two hydrogens per carbon atom

6
New cards

triglycerides

glycerol and 3 fatty acids used to store energy long term

store energy more efficiently than carbohydrates because lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds which store more energy than carbon-oxygen bonds

7
New cards

fats

triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids

ex. butter is solid at room temperature

8
New cards

oils

triglycerides with unsaturated fatty acids

ex corn oil is liquid at room temperature

9
New cards

steroids

has a carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings with various functional groups attached

used to control and perform body functions

10
New cards

types of steroids

hormones - sex hormones like testosterone, aldosterone regulates sodium levels in the blood (4 fused rings)

cholesterol - found in animals but not plants - needed for construction of other steroids, adds strength to cell membranes as well as other cellular activities

11
New cards

waxes

made of long fatty acid chain and a long alcohol chain

are highly waterproof and form a protective covering that also lessens the loss of water

found on plant leaves and fruits; fur, skin and ear canals in animals

12
New cards

unsaturated fats

reduce blood cholesterol when they replace saturated fats in the diet

found in products derived from plant sources

decrease LDL and increase HDL

13
New cards

polyunsaturated fats

found in high concentration in sunflower, corn and soybean oils

14
New cards

monounsaturated fats

found in high concentrations in canola, peanut and olive oils

15
New cards

LDL

carrt cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body

when too much, it can be deposited on the walls of coronary arteries

16
New cards

HDL

carry cholesterol from the blood back to the liver

processes the cholesterol for elimination from the body

less likely that excess cholesterol in the blood will be deposited in the coronary arteries

17
New cards

saturated fats

mainly animal fats

found in meat, seafood, whole milk dairy products, poultry skin, and egg yolks

coconut and coconut oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil

boost LDL and HDL

18
New cards

trans fats

packed more together

produced by heating liquid vegetables oils in the presence of hydrogen (hydrogenation)

more hydrogenated an oil is, harder it will be at room temperature

mostly found in commercially prepared baked goods, margarines, snack foods and processed foods

raise bad LDL and lower good HDL

fire inflammation, and overactivity of the immune system and overactivity of the immune system that has been implicated in heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and other chronic conditions