Studied by 4 people
Quantitative Research Methods
Emphasizes objective measurements and statistical analysis.
Emphasizes operationalization of variables.
Generate numerical data.
True Experiment
The IV has been manipulated by the researcher(s) to measure its effect on the DV all the while extraneous variables are being controlled. The procedure of the study is standardized, the variables are operationalized and participants are randomly allocated to conditions.
Standardized
Procedure is written in a way that the study can be replicated.
Operationalization
The independent and dependent variables should be written in a way that makes it clear what’s being measured.
Field Experiments
True experiment that takes place in a naturalistic setting.
+ High Ecological Validity
- Extraneous Variables
- Not Easily Replicable
Correlative Experiments
The variables in interest for a study are related to each other, and participants aren’t allocated to conditions randomly.
Natural Experiment
The IV is naturally occurring and uses a pre- and post-test design.
Quasi-Experiment
Participants are grouped up based on a certain behaviour/characteristic.
Correlational Studies
Study that collects data between two variables which shows a relationship between the two. As one variable changes the other does as well. The relationship can be negative/positive and weak/strong.
Positive Correlation
As x increases, y increases.
Negative Correlation
As one variable increases, the other decreases.
Demand Characteristics
Participants act differently because they’re aware they’re in a study.
Expectancy Effect
Participants act the way they think the researcher(s) want.
Screw-You Effect
Participants act differently to what the researchers expect, destroying the credibility of the study.
Social Desirability Effect
When participants act or answer in away that depicts them as a good person to avoid judgement or embarrassment.
Researcher Bias
When the researcher unconsciously or consciously sees what they look for in the study and affects the findings of the study.
Participant Variability
The characteristics of the sample affect the dependent variable.
Artificiality
When a study is under too much control, the validity in the findings are questioned.
Internal Validity
Study has extraneous variables that are controlled.
External Validity
Study can be applied to real world situations.
Cause-and-Effect Relationship
The relationship between IV and DV in experiments where one variable affects the other.
Replication
Reliability is established if a study can be replicated.
Reliability
Trustworthiness of results.
Note 
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