Studied by 32 people
Renaissance
A “rebirth” of classical culture
Classical
Referring to ancient Greco-Roman
Antiquity
Referring to ancient Greco-Roman
Secular
Not affiliated with religion
Northern Italian cities
Where the the center of the Renaissance?
Patronage
Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, individuals, and the church to produce specific works in specific styles
Communes
Sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds
To create a better society through the study and application of Greco-Roman art, architecture, literature, science, and philosophy
What was the goal of the Renaissance?
Oligarchy
a small group of the elite in control of the government
Popolo
Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities led by merchant guilds
Signori
Government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan; also refers to these rulers
Courts
Magnificent households and palaces where signori and other rulers lived, conducted business, and supported the arts
Lorenzo de’ Medici
A member of the very powerful Medici family ruling over Florence; a patron of the arts
Venice, Milan, Florence, Papal States, Naple
5 Italian City States:
unified … collaborative
The city states were not ______ but still _______
Savonarola
Dominican friar who overthrew the Medicis, becoming the political and religious leader of Florence. He aimed to reorganize government and rid people of sin
Bonfire of the Vanities
Savonarola’s method to clear sin from people by ridding themselves of luxuries
Petrach
The “Father of Humanism,'“ who believed that past Roman writers/artists reached a level of perfection
Humanism
A program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature.
Put less focus on religious ideas
Humanism __________
Virtu
the quality of being able to shape the world according to one’s will
Education
_______ at the center of humanism
“The Courtier”
Castiglione’s work promoting a well-rounded person, proficient in many aspects of life
“The Prince”
Machiavelli’s work on how to be a successful leader, separating politics from morality
Christian Humanists
Northern humanists who interpreted Italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions
“Utopia”
Moore’s work promoting humanistic elements but introduces problems like poverty and hunger
“Praise of Folly”
Written by Desiderius Erasmus, the main Christian humanist, who promoted education as a means to moral and intellectual improvement. His work criticized how people view those in power
Gutenberg Printing Press
allowed for faster creation of books and spread the Bible and new ideas. It also increased urban literacy and opened many schools
1450
When was Gutenberg’s Printing Press Made?
Classical, portraits, linear perspective, realistic, detail, humanistic
What themes were present in Renaissance art?
Rafeal
Which artist? - Painted the “School of Athens” and “Madonna and Child”
Donatello
Which artist? - Bronze statue of David
Da Vinci
Which artist? - “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”
Michelangelo
Which artist? - Marble statue of David, the Sistine Chapel, “La Pieta”
Botticelli
Which artist? - “The Birth of Venus”
Albrecht Durer
Which artist? - Woodcuts
Hans Holbein
Which artist? - Portraiture (Henry VIII)
Jan Van Eyck
Which artist? - Arnolfini Wedding Portrait and Ghent Altarpiece
Pieter Bruegel
Which artist? - “The Elder" and “Peasant’s Wedding”
servants, laborers, and craftsmen
Slaves (black and white) worked as _________
Debate about Women
Debate among writers and thinkers in the Renaissance about women’s qualities and proper role in society
Charles VII
Began French recovery after the 100 Years’ war by diminishing the nobles, collecting taxes, and establishing the first permanent army
Concordat of Bologna
Agreement between French king Francis I and Pope Leo X, stating that the French kind controlled and appointed the policies of church officials
Tudor
The War of Roses resulted in the _____ dynasty
Henry VII
regained royal prestige, diminished the nobility, established the basis for the Royal Navy, and established order through Machiavellian principles
Ferdinand and Isabella
Of Aragon and Castille, they loosely united Spain, officially established Catholicism, and diminished the nobility.
Reconquista
the flushing of Jews (and Muslims) out of Spain
1492
Reconquista
New Christians
A term for Jews and Muslims in the Iberian peninsula who accepted Christianity
Spanish Inquisition
The questioning of New Christian’s Catholicism through torture
Northern Renaissance
Characterized by religious reform, landscape art, revolts on church authority, and naturalism
Naturalism
Realistic and natural beauty (Northern Renaissance)
Idealism
Focus on perfection (Italian Renaissance)
Individualism
stressed personality, uniqueness, genius and full development of one's capabilities and talents; fame, ambition and success motivated people to perfect talents and abilities; aspect of humanism
Fugger family
A family in Germany who had a great deal of money due to international banking, and they used there pull to patronize art of the Northern Renaissance.
Medici family
A family, made wealthy by starting a banking industry in Florence, who were major patrons to the arts during the Renaissance.
New Monarchs
European monarchs who created professional armies and a more centralized administrative bureaucracy. They began to limit power of local nobility. The new monarchs also negotiated a new relationship with the Catholic Church.
Court of the Star Chamber
In England, a judicial innovation of Henry VII of England, designed to curb the independence of the nobility, whereby criminal charges brought against the nobility were judged by a court of the king's own councilors.
War of the Roses
struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII.
Spanish Inquisition
the "questioning" that guarded the orthodoxy of Catholicism in Spain (especially from the 15th to the 17th centuries.
Note 
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