Skeletal System

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Health

45 Terms

1

osteoblasts

bone forming cells (immature)

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2

osteoclast

absorbs bone tissue during growth/healing

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3

osteocytes

mature bone cells

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4

ossification

hardening of the bone (as a newborn)

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5

fontanel

space between ones of the skull from birth to 1 yr

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6

foreamen

adults; hole in bottom of skull for spinal cord

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7

suture joints

when your bones fuse together as a newborn; from 300 bones to 206

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8

flat

protects internal organs (pelvis, sternum, skull)

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9

irregular

protects internal organs (ribs, spinal bones)

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10

long

support weight and facilitate movement (legs, arms)

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11

short

provides stability (carpals, torsals)

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12

sesamoid

embedded in tendons, aren't attached to other bones (patella)

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13

scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine, spine curves as you bend down -functional; spine flattens as you bend down

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14

kyphosis

exaggerated posterior curve of thoracic spine (can sometimes be with sacrum/coccyx)

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15

lordosis

anterior curvature of lumbar spine or cervical

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16

axial skeleton

center axis; includes the cranium, spine, ribs and sternum

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17

appendicular skeleton

includes pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

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18

bone marrow

includes red & yellow red-has blood stem cells to create red/white blood cells or platelets yellow-mainly fat, also: bone, cartilage

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19

greenstick fracture

bone is splintered; most common in small children, treatment-cast or splint

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20

simple fracture

bone is broken, but out of place, skin intact; treatment-cast or splint

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21

compound fracture

bone is broken, overlapping, and sticking out skin; most serious, can cause an infection to the bone and surrounding tissue; treatment-rod, plate, etc

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22

oblique fracture

bone is "cracked" in a diagonal shape

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23

comminuted fracture

bone is shattered/crushed/splintered in many places; treatment-surgery to replace bone fragments with plates, pins, screws to hold pieces together

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24

spiral fracture

bone is shattered in a spiral pattern; usually from twisting arm

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25

closed reduction treatment

body fragments are aligned by manipulation and cast, splint are put on

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26

open reduction treatment

internal fixation (ORIF); surgical intervention with wires, metal plates, screws to hold bones in place then apply cast, splint

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27

traction treatment

pulling force to hold bones in place, for fractures with long bones; uses weighted pulley to gently pull bone to straighten

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28

diarthroses

freely movable joints

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29

ball and socket (synovial)

D allows the most movement; hip, shoulder

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30

hinge

D can only move one way; patella, elbow

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31

pivot

D allows rotation; wrist, ankle

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32

amphiarthroses

slightly movable joints

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33

gliding

A allows joint to glide over one another; vertebrae

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34

synarthroses

immovable joint

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35

fixed

S no movement; skull sutures, sternum

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36

hemopoiesis

makes red blood cells

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37

mineral storage

calcium and phosphorus

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38

movement

voluntary

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39

protection

vital organs

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40

support

muscles

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41

arthritis

inflammation of joints

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42

osteoarthritis

as a result of aging and wear & tear on body

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43

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune disease that inflames joints causing them to be bigger and deformed

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44

gout

crystallized uric acid build up in big toe

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45

osteoporosis

softening of the bone making it porous; lack of enough calcium, such as during menopause

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