Skeletal System

osteoblasts

bone forming cells (immature)

osteoclast

absorbs bone tissue during growth/healing

osteocytes

mature bone cells

ossification

hardening of the bone (as a newborn)

fontanel

space between ones of the skull from birth to 1 yr

foreamen

adults; hole in bottom of skull for spinal cord

suture joints

when your bones fuse together as a newborn; from 300 bones to 206

flat

protects internal organs (pelvis, sternum, skull)

irregular

protects internal organs (ribs, spinal bones)

long

support weight and facilitate movement (legs, arms)

short

provides stability (carpals, torsals)

sesamoid

embedded in tendons, aren't attached to other bones (patella)

scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine, spine curves as you bend down
-functional; spine flattens as you bend down

kyphosis

exaggerated posterior curve of thoracic spine (can sometimes be with sacrum/coccyx)

lordosis

anterior curvature of lumbar spine or cervical

axial skeleton

center axis; includes the cranium, spine, ribs and sternum

appendicular skeleton

includes pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

bone marrow

includes red & yellow
red-has blood stem cells to create red/white blood cells or platelets
yellow-mainly fat, also: bone, cartilage

greenstick fracture

bone is splintered; most common in small children, treatment-cast or splint

simple fracture

bone is broken, but out of place, skin intact; treatment-cast or splint

compound fracture

bone is broken, overlapping, and sticking out skin; most serious, can cause an infection to the bone and surrounding tissue; treatment-rod, plate, etc

oblique fracture

bone is "cracked" in a diagonal shape

comminuted fracture

bone is shattered/crushed/splintered in many places; treatment-surgery to replace bone fragments with plates, pins, screws to hold pieces together

spiral fracture

bone is shattered in a spiral pattern; usually from twisting arm

closed reduction treatment

body fragments are aligned by manipulation and cast, splint are put on

open reduction treatment

internal fixation (ORIF); surgical intervention with wires, metal plates, screws to hold bones in place then apply cast, splint

traction treatment

pulling force to hold bones in place, for fractures with long bones; uses weighted pulley to gently pull bone to straighten

diarthroses

freely movable joints

ball and socket (synovial)

D allows the most movement; hip, shoulder

hinge

D can only move one way; patella, elbow

pivot

D allows rotation; wrist, ankle

amphiarthroses

slightly movable joints

gliding

A allows joint to glide over one another; vertebrae

synarthroses

immovable joint

fixed

S no movement; skull sutures, sternum

hemopoiesis

makes red blood cells

mineral storage

calcium and phosphorus

movement

voluntary

protection

vital organs

support

muscles

arthritis

inflammation of joints

osteoarthritis

as a result of aging and wear & tear on body

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune disease that inflames joints causing them to be bigger and deformed

gout

crystallized uric acid build up in big toe

osteoporosis

softening of the bone making it porous; lack of enough calcium, such as during menopause