Electromagnetic Waves 

Wave: It is a temporary disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another. It divides into two:

1. Mechanical Wave

   ==Longitudinal wave:== it is a particle that @@vibrates in the direction of propagation of a wave@@.

   ==Transverse wave:== It is a particle that vibrates perpendicular to the direction of the wave.

2. Electromagnetic Wave

   ==Red is the electric field==; and is called wavelength; ^^blue is a magnetic field^^.

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• Matter, such as solid, liquid, gas, or plasma that mechanical waves are traveling through is called Medium.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

They do not require a medium to propagate. It can also travel not only through the air and solid materials but also through a vacuum space. They travel as vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields.

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Notes to remember:

• Electricity and magnetism can be static, but changing the magnetic field will induce an electric field and vice versa.
• The electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendiculars (at right angles) to each other.
• It travels with a constant velocity of c= 3.0x 10^8 m/s in a vacuum space.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES:

1. Amplitude (A)

   The height of a wave is usually measured in meters (m). The greater amplitude of a wave, the more energy it’s carrying.

2. Wavelength

   The distance between 2 consecutive crests or troughs, and usually measured in meters(m)

3. Frequency

   The number of waves passing a point in a certain time. Gives a unit of Hertz (Hz).

4. Speed of light (c)

   All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed which is about c=3.0 x 10^8 m/s through a vacuum space.

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1. IONIZING RADIATION

   A type of energy released by atoms that travel in the form of Electromagnetic waves. Including Gamma rays and X-rays. This is more dangerous to humans than non-ionizing radiation.

2. NON IONIZING RADIATION

   the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where there is insufficient energy to cause ionization.

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• When an electric field changes, so do the magnetic field. Why? because the magnetic field causes the electric field to change. This will result in an equal electromagnetic wave.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

it is named for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing frequency.

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7 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:

1. RADIO WAVES

   have the longest wavelengths but the shortest and lowest frequency.

2. MICROWAVES

   have a shorter wavelength and have a higher frequency of radio waves.

3. INFRARED RAYS (below red)

   shorter wavelength and higher frequency than a microwave.

4. VISIBLE LIGHT

   shorter wavelength and higher frequency than infrared.

5. ULTRAVIOLET RAYS

   it uses to kill bacteria.

6. X-RAYS

   Can penetrate most matter.

7. GAMMA RAYS

   carries the greatest amount of energy and it penetrates the most.

• ==Longest wavelength = Red light==
• ^^Shortest wavelength = Purple light^^

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