Unit 2 public health 101 Exam 1

Health

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

NOT merely the absence of disease!

Health care (also referred to as clinical care)

Prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of
mental and physical well-being through the services offered by medical and
allied health professionals

Public health

The totality of all evidence-based public and private efforts that preserve
and promote health and prevent disease, disability, and death

Examples of clinical practitioners

Veterinarians, dieticians, physsicians, nurses

Examples of non-clinical practitioners

Microbiologists, lawyers, community health workers

How is public health done?

ID disease cause and disability

Implement interventions

Do this by Epidemiology

Define determinant:

A factor that contributes to the development of a disease or other health outcome

Ex: smoking, exposure to contaminated water

Define health outcome

Results of a medical condition that directly affects the quality or length of a person’s life

Ex: Lung cancer

Public Health intervention

An organized effort to promote specific behaviors and habits that can improve physical, mental, or emotional health

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems

Some examples of public health interventions

Developing emergency preparedness plans

• Folic Acid supplementation for pregnant women

• Promoting handwashing

• Identifying ways to curb bullying in schools

• Distributing condoms to prevent STIs

• Examining secondhand tobacco smoke levels and exposure

• Installing walking paths in neighborhoods

• Establishing policies to reduce antibiotic use in industrial agriculture

Veterinary Public Health

Human animal bond

Environemental contamination

Zoonotuc diseases

Focuses on vet science to protect and improve people health

Greeks and romans public health

hand washing in 500 BCE

UK public health date

1848

United States the environemental protection agency year:

1970

3 major pandemics

Influenza 500 million infected

polio vaccine in 1955, eradication started in 1988

HIV 34M living with HIV worldwide 20% decline in new infections since 2001

Disaster prepardness

Biological warfare

Public health surveillance

Weather: like hurrican katrina

Prevention through policy examples

Leviticus first health-written code

Laws banning smoking in public

Obesity: food labeling and physical activity promotion

Cholera

Fatal intestinal disease in london

tens of thousands died

Thought to be caused by bad air caused by rotting organic matter “miasma“

What did John Snow discover

In the 1800’s he believed the illness was related to sewage being dumped into the Thames River

Now is called the father of modern epidemiology

Overall contaminated water is the issue

What areas did John Snow find more sick people

Around communities with water pumps

Interventions John snow implementes

Stop the people exposure to contaminated water

Stop contamination of the entire water supply area

Convinced governement and got the water pump hadle removed

Historical paradigm

Disease surveillance → Investigation → Treatment.

What determines the health of a population

Genes and Biology 10%

Health behaviors 20%

Medical care 20%

Social societal characteristics over 50%

what are social determinants

Conditions in the environment where people are born, live, play…

three core functions of public health

Assesment

Policy

Assurance

Stakeholders in public health systems

Community

Government

Media

Academia

Clinical care systems

employers

What does the Appalachian Regional Commision (ARC) do

Is an economic development partnership across the appalachian region to promote economic growth

10 great public health achievements: 1

Immunization

10 great public health achievements: 2

Motor vehicle safety

10 great public health achievements: 3

Safer workplaces

10 great public health achievements: 4

Control of infectious diseases

10 great public health achievements: 5

Decline of CHD (congenital heart disease)& Stroke Mortality

10 great public health achievements: 6

Safer and Healthier foods

10 great public health achievements: 7

Healthier mothers and babies

10 great public health achievements: 8

Family planning

Ex: Smaller family size

10 great public health achievements: 9

Fluoride in drinking water

10 great public health achievements: 10

Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard