HHD AOS 1 Chapter 3+4

Smoking and atherosclerosis

• speeds up process

• can contribute to heart attack or smoke

Smoking and cancer

• Tobacco can cause fault in cells and cause them to divide

Smoking and pregnancy

• Reduces blood flow to baby, nutrients reaching baby

• Contributes to low birth weight

Smoking and respiratory disease

• Tobacco damages and inflames airways

• can contribute to COPD

Smoking

• Atherosclerosis

• Cancer

• Low birth weight

• Respiratory disease

Alcohol

• Type 2 diabetes

• Cancer

• Liver disease

• Injury

• Low birthweight, FASD, premie

Alcohol and type 2 diabetes

• Alcohol has KJs, increasing weight

Alcohol and Cancer

• When metabolised, alcohol makes a chemical that can damage DNA

Alcohol and liver disease

• Alcohol is filtered through the liver, excessive use can cause inflammation and scarring

• Cirrhosis and cancer

Alcohol and injury

• Alcohol supresses the nervous system and effects judgement and motor control

• Increases risk of accidents/injury

Alcohol and pregnancy

• Can contribute to FASD, premature birth and low birth weight

Overweight/Obesity

• Cancer

• Heart attack

• Kidney disease

• Osteoarthritis

• Type 2 diabetes

OB and cancer

• Fat tissue = higher levels of growth hormone and cell divison

OB and heart attack

• OB can cause extra strain on the heart (as well as risk of atherosclerosis)

OB and kidney disease

• OB increases risk of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, influencing kidney disease

OB and osteoarthritis

• Extra weight can place pressure onto joints

OB and type 2 diabetes

• Fat tissue can release fatty acid into the bloodstream, contributing to type 2

Underconsumption of fibre

• Atherosclerosis/cardio disease

• Cancer

• Type 2

Fibre and cardio

• Fibre attaches to LDL, decreasing the risk of high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease

Fibre and cancer

• fibre adds bulk to faeces and cleans the digestive system, reducing risk of cancer cells developing

Fibre and Type 2

• Fibre provides feeling of satiety, preventing overeating/weight gain

Underconsumption of fruit/veg

• Cardio disease/cancer

• Neural tube defects

Veg and cardio

• Antioxidants reduce free radicals in the body, reducing risk

Veg and neural tube defects

• Underconsumption can cause folate to be low in babies

• influencing defects such as spina bifida

Underconsumption of dairy

• Osteoporosis

• Dental caries

Fat

• Type 2 diabetes

• atherosclerosis

Salt

• Hypertension/stroke/heart attack

• Osteoporosis/bone demineralisation

Sugar

• Type 2 diabetes

• Dental caries

Fat and type 2 diabetes

• Saturated and trans fats are shown to change composition of cell membranes, interfering with glucose transporting to the cell

Fat and cardio

• Saturated and trans fat have alot of LDL cholesterol

Salt and cardio

• Sodium draws fluid from the blood, increasing blood volume

Salt and osteoporosis

• Sodium is filtered through the kidneys, calcium is also excreted

Sugar and type 2 diabetes/cardio

• Fat tissue leads to overweight and obesity

Sugar and dental carries

• Sugars provide a food source for bacteria in the mouth, which produces acids